What is the execution flow of Golang functions?

The execution flow of the Go function is as follows: allocate stack space, store local variables and parameters. Push the caller information onto the stack and prepare to return. Set local variables. Execute the function body (statements and expressions). Return value (if any). Restore caller information. Release stack space. Control is returned to the caller.

Go function execution flow

Understanding Go function

Go function is A reusable chunk of code that takes input and produces output. They are used to organize and encapsulate code, making it more modular and maintainable.

The execution flow of Go function

The execution flow of Go function follows the following steps:

1. Allocate stack space:When the function is called, a memory is allocated on the stack to store local variables and parameters.
2. Push caller information: The function pushes the caller address and program counter onto the stack in preparation for return.
3. Set local variables: Initialize local variables in the allocated stack memory.
4. Execution function body: The main body of the execution function, including statements and expressions.
5. Return value: If the function has a return value, it will be calculated and stored on the stack.
6. Restore caller information: The function restores the caller address and program counter from the stack.
7. Release stack space: After the function completes execution, release its stack memory.
8. Control returned: Control is returned to the caller.

Practical case

The following example demonstrates the execution process of a simple Go function:

package main

import "fmt"

func add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

func main() {
    result := add(10, 20)
    fmt.Println(result)
}

Execution process:

• add The function is called, allocates space on the stack and pushes the caller information onto the stack.
• Local variables a and b are initialized.
• The function body is executed, calculates and returns the sum of a and b.
• The function restores the caller information from the stack and releases its stack space.
• Control is returned to the main function.
• main The function prints the result.

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