How does C++ function overloading work with virtual functions?

Function overloading and virtual functions can be used together to allow subclasses to implement different aspects of the same operation in different ways without modifying the behavior of the parent class. By declaring virtual functions in the parent class and overloading them in child classes, we can achieve dynamic polymorphism, allowing specific functions of different child classes to be called through parent class references.

The combination of C function overloading and virtual functions

Understanding overloading and virtual functions

• Overloading: Functions with the same name but different parameter lists.
• Virtual functions: Member functions defined as virtual in the parent class allow subclasses to redefine their implementation.

The combination of function overloading and virtual functions

C allows us to overload member functions when using virtual functions. This allows subclasses to implement different aspects of the same operation in different ways without modifying the behavior of the parent class.

Implementation

Declare a virtual function in the parent class:

class Parent {
public:
    virtual void doSomething();
};

Overload the virtual function in the subclass:

class Child : public Parent {
public:
    @Override
    void doSomething() {
        // 子类的特定实现
    }
};

Practical case

Consider the following scenario:

• There is a Shape parent class that defines a draw virtual Function for drawing shapes.
• has two subclasses, Circle and Rectangle, both of which have their own ways of drawing.

Code implementation:

class Shape {
public:
    virtual void draw() = 0;   // 纯虚函数，强制子类实现
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
    @Override
    void draw() {
        // 绘制圆的具体实现
    }
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
    @Override
    void draw() {
        // 绘制矩形的具体实现
    }
};

int main() {
    vector<Shape*> shapes;

    shapes.push_back(new Circle());
    shapes.push_back(new Rectangle());

    for (Shape* shape : shapes) {
        shape->draw();  // 调用适当的重载函数
    }

    return 0;
}

In this way, we can create dynamic polymorphic methods, which allow us to call using parent class pointers or references Specific functions for different subclasses.

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