Industry best practices and patterns for Golang function parameter passing

There are two ways to pass function parameters in Go: passing by value and passing by reference. Passing by value creates a copy of the parameter, and changes to the copy do not affect the original value; passing by reference creates an alias, and changes to the copy are reflected in the original value. Best practices include: using pointer receiving functions to modify mutable state; avoiding passing values ​​in high concurrency scenarios; passing interface types to improve flexibility; and using constant values ​​to prevent accidental modifications.

Industry best practices and patterns for function parameter passing in Go

In Go, function parameters are passed by value or reference. Understanding these two mechanisms and their impact is critical to writing robust and efficient code.

Pass by value

Pass by value creates a copy of the parameter, which means that any changes made to the copy will not affect the original value. Use func(t int) to declare a function that accepts a value as a parameter, for example:

func square(x int) int {
    return x * x
}

Pass by reference

Pass by reference creates a parameter Aliases, meaning any changes made to the copy are reflected in the original value. Use func(t *int) to declare a function that accepts a pointer as a parameter, for example:

func increment(p *int) {
    *p++
}

Best Practices and Patterns

• Use functions that receive pointers to modify mutable state: If a function needs to modify mutable state, such as slices, maps, or structures, you can use functions that receive pointers.
• Avoid passing values ​​in high concurrency scenarios: If the function is called frequently in high concurrency scenarios, passing values ​​may cause performance degradation.
• Passing interface types to increase code flexibility: Passing interface types allows functions to accept different types of parameters, thereby increasing code flexibility.
• Use constant values ​​to avoid accidental modifications: Passing a constant value prevents the function from accidentally modifying the original value.

Practical case

Consider a function swap(), used to exchange two integers. Passing by value creates two copies without modifying the original value:

func swapByValue(x, y int) {
    temp := x
    x = y
    y = temp
}

func main() {
    a := 1
    b := 2
    swapByValue(a, b)
    fmt.Println(a, b) // 输出：1 2
}

Passing by reference modifies the original value:

func swapByReference(x, y *int) {
    temp := *x
    *x = *y
    *y = temp
}

func main() {
    a := 1
    b := 2
    swapByReference(&a, &b)
    fmt.Println(a, b) // 输出：2 1
}

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