Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial How is the parameter passing method of PHP functions used in unit testing?

How is the parameter passing method of PHP functions used in unit testing?

Apr 15, 2024 am 11:06 AM
php unit test

在 PHP 单元测试中,参数传递方式至关重要。按值传递确保函数不更改外部变量;按引用传递允许函数修改外部变量;按默认传递使用函数定义中的默认值。实际案例中,按值传递确保函数不会更改外部变量,而按引用传递允许函数修改外部变量。

PHP 函数的参数传递方式如何在单元测试中使用?

PHP函数参数传递方式在单元测试中的应用

在PHP中,函数参数可以通过三种方式传递:

  • 按值传递(pass by value):将参数的值复制到函数内部。
  • 按引用传递(pass by reference):将参数的引用传递到函数内部,对参数的修改也会影响函数外部的变量。
  • 按默认传递(pass by default):使用函数定义中的默认值,如果未提供参数,则使用默认值。

在单元测试中,函数参数传递方式的选择至关重要。

按值传递

當您需要確保函數不改變函數外部的變數時,按值傳遞是理想選擇。例如:

function square($x) {
    return $x * $x;
}

// 單元測試
$x = 5;
$result = square($x);
assertEquals(25, $result);
// 驗證函數沒有改變 $x
assertEquals(5, $x);
  
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按引用传递

當您需要函數修改函數外部的變數時,按引用傳遞很有用。例如:

function swap(&$a, &$b) {
    $temp = $a;
    $a = $b;
    $b = $temp;
}

// 單元測試
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
swap($a, $b);
assertEquals(2, $a);
assertEquals(1, $b);
  
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按默认传递

當您希望使用默認值並允許函數根據需要進行調整時,按默認傳遞會很有用。例如:

function formatCurrency($amount, $currency = '$') {
    return $currency . $amount;
}

// 單元測試
$amount = 100;
$result = formatCurrency($amount);
assertEquals('$100', $result);
  
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实战案例

考虑一个函数,它需要计算两个数字的总和:

function sum($a, $b) {
    return $a + $b;
}
  
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按值传递的单元测试:

// 單元測試
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
$result = sum($a, $b);
assertEquals(3, $result);
// 驗證函數沒有改變 $a 和 $b
assertEquals(1, $a);
assertEquals(2, $b);
  
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按引用传递的单元测试:

// 單元測試
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
sum($a, $b);
assertEquals(3, $a); // 函數修改了 $a
assertEquals(2, $b);
  
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