Testing and debugging Golang functions

Testing functions in Golang: Create a test file ending with _test.go. Declare a test function named TestXXX, where XXX is the name of the function under test. Use assertions to verify that expected results match actual results. Set breakpoints and use the debugger to debug test failures. Use table-driven testing and coverage tools to enhance testing efficiency.

Testing and Debugging of Golang Functions

In Golang, testing is an important practice to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the code. This tutorial will guide you on how to use Golang's built-in testing framework to test and debug functions.

Test Function

To test a function, you need to create a new file ending with _test.go. This file is located in the same package as the function under test. In the test file, declare a test function using the TestXXX function of the testing package, where XXX is the name of the function under test. For example:

// my_function_test.go

package mypackage

import (
    "testing"
)

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    // ...
}

Assertion

In the test function, use assertions to verify whether the expected results are consistent with the actual results. testing The package provides a variety of assertion functions, such as:

• t.Equal(a, b): Verify a and b Is it equal
• t.ErrorIs(err, expectedError): Verify whether err and expectedError are the same error
• t.True(cond): Verify that cond is true

Actual case

Suppose you have a function called add that takes two numeric arguments and returns their sum. You can write the following test function to test the add function:

// my_function_test.go

import (
    "testing"
)

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        a, b int
        want int
    }{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {3, 4, 7},
        {-1, -2, -3},
    }

    for _, tt := range tests {
        got := add(tt.a, tt.b)
        if got != tt.want {
            t.Errorf("add(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.want)
        }
    }
}

Debug

For debug test failure, you can pass in the source code Set breakpoints to use the debugger. In IDEs like VSCode, you can set a breakpoint by right-clicking on a line in the code and selecting "Set/Remove Breakpoint." When code is run in the debugger, it will pause at breakpoints, allowing you to inspect variables and stack traces.

Tip

• Use table-driven testing to simplify testing of multiple sets of inputs.
• Use coverage tools to ensure that the test code covers enough function logic.
• Integrate test code with a continuous integration system to automatically run tests when code changes.

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