How to use C++ function exception handling?

Exception handling is a mechanism for handling function errors, captured using try-catch syntax: the try block contains code that may cause an exception. The catch block catches exceptions of a specific type, use exception_type &e to access the exception object. catch (...) catches any type of exception. For example, when converting a string to an integer, invalid arguments raise an invalid_argument exception, and out-of-range raises an out_of_range exception.

C Function Exception Handling

Exception handling is a technique for handling errors or exceptions that occur within a function. It allows you to handle errors gracefully without crashing the entire program.

Syntax

Exception handling uses the following syntax:

try {
  // 执行可能引发异常的代码
} catch (exception_type &e) {
  // 捕获特定类型的异常
} catch (...) {
  // 捕获任何类型的异常
}

• try The block contains code that may throw an exception.
• catch block is used to catch specific types of exceptions. It uses the parameter exception_type &e to access the exception object.
• If you wish to catch any type of exception, you can use catch (...).

Practical Case

Let's look at a practical example of using exception handling:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main() {
try {
  // 将字符串转换为整数
  int num = stoi("abc");
} catch (invalid_argument &e) {
  // 处理无效参数异常
  cout << "Invalid integer: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (out_of_range &e) {
  // 处理超出范围异常
  cout << "Out of range: " << e.what() << endl;
} catch (...) {
  // 处理任何其他异常
  cout << "Unknown error occurred." << endl;
}

return 0;
}

In this case, we try to "abc" Convert to integer. If the string does not contain a valid integer, it will raise an invalid_argument exception. Alternatively, if the value is outside the int range, an out_of_range exception is thrown. We use exception handling to catch these exceptions and handle them gracefully.

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