What is the syntax and specific implementation method of C++ function template?

C function templates allow functions to be defined using generic type parameters so that the function can handle different types of data. The specific implementation is as follows: Syntax: template <typename T> Return type function name (input parameter list) { // Function body } Generic type parameter T: Indicates the type that the function can handle. Practical case: For example, you can use the sum function template to calculate the sum of two integers and two floating point numbers.

C function template

Syntax

C function template uses generic types Parameters are used to define functions, allowing them to handle different types of data. The syntax is:

template <typename T>
returnType functionName(input parameters)
{
  // 函数体
}

Among them:

• <typename T>: Generic type parameter, indicating the type that the function can handle.
• returnType: The return type of the function.
• functionName: Function name.
• input parameters: Optional input parameter list.

Specific implementation

The following code shows a function template that adds two elements of the same type:

template <typename T>
T sum(T element1, T element2)
{
  return element1 + element2;
}

Practical case

Let us calculate the sum of two integers and two double-precision floating point numbers:

int main()
{
  // 调用函数模板，以 int 类型的参数
  int integerSum = sum(5, 10);

  // 调用函数模板，以 double 类型的参数
  double doubleSum = sum(3.14, 2.71);

  std::cout << "Integer sum: " << integerSum << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Double sum: " << doubleSum << std::endl;

  return 0;
}

Output:

Integer sum: 15
Double sum: 5.85

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