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如何从MySQL数据库表中检索数据_MySQL

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Release: 2016-06-01 14:12:03
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  1、从数据库表中检索信息
  实际上,前面我们已经用到了SELECT语句,它用来从数据库表中检索信息。
  select语句格式一般为:
  SELECT 检索关键词 FROM 被检索的表 WHERE 检索条件(可选)
  以前所使用的“ * ”表示选择所有的列。
  下面继续使用我们在上篇文章中创建的表mytable。
  
  2、查询所有数据:
  mysql> select * from mytable;
  +----------+------+------------+----------+
  | name | sex | birth | birthaddr |
  +----------+------+------------+--------+
  | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china |
  | mary |f | 1978-12-12 | usa |
  | tom |m | 1970-09-02 | usa |
  +----------+------+------------+----------+
  3 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  3、修正错误记录:
  假如tom的出生日期有错误,应该是1973-09-02,则可以用update语句来修正: mysql> update mytable set birth = "1973-09-02" where name = "tom";
  再用2中的语句看看是否已更正过来。
  
  4、选择特定行
  上面修改了tom的出生日期,我们可以选择tom这一行来看看是否已经有了变化:
  
  mysql> select * from mytable where name = "tom";
  +--------+------+------------+------------+
  | name |sex | birth | birthaddr |
  +--------+------+------------+------------+
  | tom |m | 1973-09-02 | usa |
  +--------+------+------------+------------+
  1 row in set (0.06 sec)
  
  上面WHERE的参数指定了检索条件。我们还可以用组合条件来进行查询:
  
  mysql> SELECT * FROM mytable WHERE sex = "f" AND birthaddr = "china";
  +--------+------+------------+------------+
  | name |sex | birth | birthaddr |
  +--------+------+------------+------------+
  | abccs |f | 1977-07-07 | china |
  +--------+------+------------+------------+
  1 row in set (0.06 sec)
  
  5、 选择特定列
  假如你想查看表中的所有人的姓名,则可以这样操作:
  
  mysql> SELECT name FROM mytable;
  +----------+
  | name |
  +----------+
  | abccs |
  | mary |
  | tom |
  +----------+
  3 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  如果想列出姓名和性别两列,则可以用逗号将关键词name和birth分开: myaql> select name,birth from mytable;
  
  6、对行进行排序
  我们可以对表中的记录按生日大小进行排序:
  
  mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth;
  +----------+------------+
  | name | birth |
  +----------+------------+
  | tom | 1973-09-02 |
  | abccs | 1977-07-07 |
  | mary | 1978-12-12 |
  +----------+------------+
  3 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  我们可以用DESC来进行逆序排序:
  
  mysql> SELECT name, birth FROM mytable ORDER BY birth DESC;
  +----------+------------+
  | name | birth |
  +----------+------------+
  | mary | 1978-12-12 |
  | abccs | 1977-07-07 |
  | tom | 1973-09-02 |
  +----------+------------+
  3 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  7、 行计数
  数据库经常要统计一些数据,如表中员工的数目,我们就要用到行计数函数COUNT()。COUNT()函数用于对非NULL结果的记录进行计数:
  
  mysql> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM mytable;
  +----------+
  | COUNT(*) |
  +----------+
  | 3 |
  +----------+
  1 row in set (0.06 sec)
  员工中男女数量:
  mysql> SELECT sex, COUNT(*) FROM mytable GROUP BY sex;
  +------+----------+
  | sex | COUNT(*) |
  +------+----------+
  | f | 2 |
  | m | 1 |
  +------+----------+
  2 row in set (0.00 sec)
  
  注意我们使用了GROUP BY对SEX进行了分组。
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