Communication mechanism of Golang coroutine

Go coroutines communicate through channels (sending and receiving data) and synchronization primitives (managing access to shared resources). Channels are used to transfer data between coroutines through send and receive operations. Synchronization primitives include mutex locks (to control access to shared resources), condition variables (to wait for a condition to be met before continuing execution), and one-time signals (to ensure that an operation is performed only once).

Go coroutine communication mechanism

What is a coroutine?

Coroutines are lightweight threads that allow concurrent running without creating separate system threads. It provides a more efficient and resource-saving way of concurrent programming.

Communication mechanism

Go coroutines can communicate through the following two mechanisms:

• Channel: An unbuffered or buffered pipe used to send and receive data.
• Synchronization primitives: Such as mutex locks, condition variables and one-time signals, used to manage concurrent access to shared resources.

Channel

The channel is a synchronous communication mechanism that provides two operations:

• chan&lt ;- v: Send the value v to the channel.
• : Receive value from channel.

The following example demonstrates how to use pipes to pass messages between two coroutines:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    // 创建一个无缓冲管道
    message := make(chan string)

    // 启动一个发送协程
    go func() {
        // 向通道发送消息
        message <- "Hello from the sending goroutine!"
    }()

    // 启动一个接收协程
    go func() {
        // 从通道接收消息
        msg := <-message
        fmt.Println(msg) // 输出: Hello from the sending goroutine!
    }()

    // 等待协程完成
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(2)
    wg.Wait()
}

Synchronization primitives

Synchronization primitives Can be used to coordinate access to shared resources. The following are some commonly used synchronization primitives:

• Mutex lock (sync.Mutex): Allows only one coroutine to access shared resources at a time.
• Condition variable (sync.Cond): Used to wait for a certain condition to be met before continuing execution.
• One-time signal (sync.Once): Ensure that an operation is only executed once.

The following example demonstrates how to use a mutex to protect access to a shared resource:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

var counter int
var mu sync.Mutex

func main() {
    // 启动多个协程同时对共享变量进行加法
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            mu.Lock()
            counter++
            mu.Unlock()
            wg.Done()
        }()
    }

    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println(counter) // 输出: 100
}

Understanding the communication mechanism of Go coroutines is crucial for developing efficient and scalable concurrent applications important.

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