How to test Golang functions using unit testing framework?

Use the unit testing framework for unit testing in Go: import the testing package. Write unit test functions prefixed with Test. Use assertion functions such as assertEqual() to verify test results. Run the unit test (go test) to verify the correctness of the function.

How to use the unit testing framework to test Go functions

Unit testing is essential to verify the correctness of a single function or method Important software development practices. In Go, unit testing is very simple using a unit testing framework such as the testing package.

Install the unit testing framework

#testing package is part of the Go standard library. To use it, import the testing package into your project:

import "testing"

Writing Unit Tests

Each unit test is a Test is the function prefixed. It accepts a pointer *testing.T as a parameter, which is used to report test results and record failure information.

The basic unit testing function is as follows:

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    result := Add(1, 2)
    if result != 3 {
        t.Errorf("Add(1, 2) = %d; want 3", result)
    }
}

Assertion

##testing The package provides a series of assertion functions, Used to verify test results. Commonly used assertions include:

• assertEqual()
• assertNotEqual()
• assertNil()
• assertError()

Practical case

Consider a function that calculates the sum of two numbers

Add() Function:

func Add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

We can write a unit test to verify this function:

import "testing"

func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        a, b, want int
    }{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {0, 0, 0},
        {-1, -1, -2},
    }

    for _, test := range tests {
        result := Add(test.a, test.b)
        if result != test.want {
            t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d; want %d", test.a, test.b, result, test.want)
        }
    }
}

Run the test

To run unit tests, use the

go test command. It will find and run all Test* functions in the project.

go test

If the test passes, it will output the following results:

PASS
ok  my_project/my_package  1.730s

Otherwise, it will report the failed test, including an error message.

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