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How does Java Servlet implement distributed session management?

Apr 16, 2024 pm 02:48 PM
redis servlet Distributed session management

Java Servlet 中实现分布式会话管理的方法有两种:1. 会话复制:将会话数据复制到各个服务器。2. 会话分布:使用集中式存储服务存储会话数据,由多个服务器访问。具体实现方式有:会话复制配置 web.xml 文件中的 <distributable>true</distributable>;会话分布使用 Redis:引入 jedis 库,编写 Servlet 使用 Jedis 存储和检索会话数据;使用 Spring Session:引入 spring-session 依赖,注入 SessionRepository,通过它操作会话数据。

Java Servlet如何实现分布式会话管理?

Java Servlet 如何实现分布式会话管理

在分布式环境中,用户可能在不同的机器上访问同一 Web 应用程序。为了在用户会话之间保持一致的体验,需要实现分布式会话管理。

方法

Java Servlet 提供两种主要方法来实现分布式会话管理:

  • 会话复制 (Session Replication):将会话数据复制到每个应用程序服务器。
  • 会话分布 (Session Distribution):使用集中式存储服务来存储会话数据,由多个应用程序服务器访问。

实现代码

会话复制

web.xml 文件中配置会话复制:

<distributable>true</distributable>
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会话分布

1. 使用 Redis 作为集中式存储

在应用程序中添加依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
    <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.0</version>
</dependency>
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然后,在 Servlet 中使用 Jedis 库实现会话分布:

import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;

public class SessionDistributionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static Jedis jedis = new Jedis("localhost", 6379);

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        // 获取会话属性
        String username = jedis.hget("session:" + req.getSession().getId(), "username");
        
        // 设置响应
        resp.getWriter().write("用户名:" + username);
    }
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2. 使用 Spring Session

pom.xml 文件中添加依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-session</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
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然后,在 Servlet 中注入 SessionRepository 并使用它来存储和检索会话数据:

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.session.Session;
import org.springframework.session.SessionRepository;

public class SpringSessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Autowired
    private SessionRepository<RedisSession> sessionRepository;

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        // 获取会话属性
        String username = sessionRepository.findById(req.getSession().getId()).getAttribute("username");
        
        // 设置响应
        resp.getWriter().write("用户名:" + username);
    }
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