How to use C++ function pointer overloading and generic programming?

C Function pointer overloading implements pointers to multiple functions with the same name but different parameters or return values ​​by specifying different function signatures. Generic programming uses templates to create functions and data structures that work with different types of data, making code reusable. Using function pointer overloading requires writing a separate function for each type, whereas generic programming uses a common function to handle all types.

Using C function pointer overloading and generic programming

Function pointer overloading

Function pointer overloading Loading allows you to create pointers to multiple functions with the same name but different parameters or return values. This is achieved by making the function signature part of the pointer type.

int add(int x, int y);
double add(double x, double y);

int* addPtr = add; // 指向 int 版本的函数
double* addPtr = add; // 指向 double 版本的函数

Generic Programming

Generic programming uses templates to create functions and data structures that can be applied to different types of data. It allows you to write reusable code that is not specific to any particular type.

template <typename T>
T max(T a, T b) {
  return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

This function template max() can be used for any comparable type of data, such as int, double and string.

Practical case

Consider a program that needs to sum different types of data:

// using function pointers
int sum(int* arr, int len) {
  int result = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    result += arr[i];
  }
  return result;
}

double sum(double* arr, int len) {
  double result = 0.0;
  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    result += arr[i];
  }
  return result;
}

// using templates
template <typename T>
T sum(T* arr, int len) {
  T result = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    result += arr[i];
  }
  return result;
}

Using function pointers, we need to write for each type A single summation function. Using generic programming, we write a general summation function that can be used with any type.

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