Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial How do recursive calls to PHP functions affect execution order?

How do recursive calls to PHP functions affect execution order?

Apr 17, 2024 pm 02:03 PM
php recursive call

PHP 函数递归调用影响执行顺序,遵循后进先出栈结构:函数递归调用自身时入栈。栈中最后一个函数先执行。函数返回时出栈,调用函数继续执行。

PHP 函数的递归调用会如何影响执行顺序?

PHP 函数的递归调用如何影响执行顺序

PHP 函数可以递归调用自身,这意味着一个函数可以调用自身。这可以用来创建循环结构,但也会影响执行顺序。

执行顺序

当函数递归调用自身时,会被压入一个栈中。栈的结构为“后进先出”,即最后压入的函数将第一个执行。

当递归函数返回时,它将从栈中弹出。然后,调用该函数的函数将继续执行。

实战案例

以下代码展示了一个递归函数 factorial,它计算一个数字的阶乘:

function factorial(int $n): int
{
    if ($n == 0) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        return $n * factorial($n - 1);
    }
}

echo factorial(5); // 输出: 120
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当调用 factorial(5) 时,以下步骤将发生:

  1. factorial(5) 压入栈中。
  2. 在栈中执行 factorial(5)
  3. 调用 factorial(4) 并将其压入栈中。
  4. 在栈中执行 factorial(4)
  5. 以此类推,直到 factorial(0)
  6. factorial(0) 返回 1,并将 factorial(1) 从栈中弹出。
  7. factorial(1) 返回 1,并将 factorial(2) 从栈中弹出。
  8. 以此类推,直到所有函数从栈中弹出。
  9. factorial(5) 终于执行并返回 120。

结论

递归函数的执行顺序受栈的影响。理解这一顺序对于编写正确的递归代码至关重要。

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