Memory safety issues in concurrent programming of Golang functions

Function concurrent programming in Go has memory safety issues. Solutions include: mutex lock: prevent multiple goroutines from accessing shared data at the same time, and protect critical sections through locking and unlocking operations. Channel: used to safely transfer values ​​between goroutines to ensure the order of values. Synchronous waiting group: Coordinates the concurrent execution of multiple goroutines to ensure that execution of the main program continues only after all goroutines have completed.

Memory safety issues in concurrent programming of Golang functions

In concurrent programming, it is crucial to ensure memory safety. In Go, goroutines are lightweight concurrency primitives that pose unique challenges for memory safety.

When multiple goroutines access shared memory concurrently, data races may occur, resulting in inconsistent or corrupted data. The key to solving this problem is to use the correct synchronization mechanism, such as mutexes and channels.

Mutex lock

Mutex lock is a synchronization mechanism that allows only one goroutine to access shared data in a critical section at a time. The basic principle is to protect critical sections through locking and unlocking operations.

var mu sync.Mutex

func incrementValue(ptr *int) {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    *ptr++
}

Channel

Channel is a basic tool for achieving concurrency in Go, which allows values ​​to be safely passed between goroutines. The channel itself is sequential, meaning values ​​can only be received in the order they were sent.

ch := make(chan int)

go func() {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        ch <- i
    }
}

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        fmt.Println(<-ch)
    }
}

Practical case

Consider the following example, in which two goroutines modify the shared variable count at the same time:

var count int

func incrementCount() {
    count++
}

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    wg.Add(2)

    go func() {
        for i := 0; i < 50000; i++ {
            incrementCount()
        }
        wg.Done()
    }()

    go func() {
        for i := 0; i < 50000; i++ {
            incrementCount()
        }
        wg.Done()
    }()

    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println(count)
}

If not If synchronization is added, the final count value may be less than 100000, and may vary greatly as the number of goroutines increases. This can be prevented by using a mutex:

var count int
var mu sync.Mutex

func incrementCount() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()
    count++
}

With a mutex, the final value of count is always 100000 and is not affected by the number of goroutines.

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