Understanding and using Thread and Runnable in Java parallel programming

In Java parallel programming, the Thread class directly represents a thread, and the Runnable interface is used to define thread tasks. Thread has life cycle and state, while Runnable is controlled by Thread. When using Thread and Runnable to implement multi-threading: 1. Use the Thread class to directly create threads; 2. Use Runnable to define tasks and execute them through Thread.

Thread and Runnable in Java parallel programming

In Java parallel programming, Thread and Runnable are two key concepts , they allow applications to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. This article will explain the difference between Thread and Runnable and provide practical examples of using them.

Thread

Thread is a class in the Java language that represents parallel tasks. Threads can run independently of the main thread, allowing applications to perform concurrent tasks. Threads can be created using the Thread class, which provides methods for managing and operating threads.

public class MyThread extends Thread {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 业务逻辑
    }
}

Runnable

Runnable is an interface used to define tasks to be performed in a thread. Unlike Thread, Runnable objects cannot execute themselves and must be executed through Thread. An object implementing the Runnable interface can be passed to the Thread constructor to create a thread to perform the task.

class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 业务逻辑
    }
}

The difference between Thread and Runnable

• Creation method: Thread can be created directly using new Thread, The Runnable must be created through the Thread object.
• Life cycle: Thread has its own life cycle and can be terminated or joined, while Runnable only defines tasks and Thread controls its life cycle.
• State: Thread has a definite state (NEW, RUNNABLE, BLOCKED), while Runnable has no definite state.

Practical case

The following is a simple example of using Thread and Runnable to implement multi-threading:

public class MultithreadingDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 使用 Thread 类
        Thread thread1 = new MyThread();
        thread1.start();

        // 使用 Runnable 接口
        MyRunnable runnable = new MyRunnable();
        Thread thread2 = new Thread(runnable);
        thread2.start();
    }
}

In this case, thread1 and thread2 will run concurrently, each thread performing its own task.

Conclusion

Thread and Runnable are essential tools in Java parallel programming. Understanding their differences is critical to writing scalable and performant multi-threaded applications.

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