What are the best practices for JUnit unit testing framework in Java?

Follow the best practices of the JUnit unit testing framework for effective code verification: Write independent tests Place tests in appropriate places Use assertions to validate results wisely Follow naming conventions (starting with test) Write negative tests Use mocking and Stubbing Isolate dependencies Avoid using static variables Remove duplicate code Automated test execution

Best practices for JUnit unit testing framework in Java

JUnit is a widely used unit testing framework in Java to verify the correctness of code. Follow these best practices to take full advantage of the power of JUnit:

1. Write independent tests

Each test method should target a specific method or method in your application components. Avoid testing multiple functions or relying on state from other classes.

2. Place the test in the appropriate location

Place the test class in the same package as the code being tested. This helps organize your test code and ensure it stays in sync with the code being tested.

3. Use assertions wisely

Use assertions to verify expected results instead of just printing information. Assertions should be concise, clear, and provide valuable feedback.

4. Follow the naming convention

Use names starting with "test" for test methods. This helps to easily identify test methods and improves readability.

5. Write Negative Tests

In addition to writing positive tests that verify expected results, also write tests to verify the behavior of the code when input or state is invalid.

6. Use Mocking and Stubbing

When testing, using mocks and stub objects allows you to isolate the code under test and test against specific dependency scenarios .

7. Avoid using static variables

Avoid using static variables in test classes or methods. Static variables can lead to unexpected dependencies between tests or data contamination.

8. Remove duplicate code

Eliminate duplicate code by extracting public utility methods or using parameterized tests. This helps keep test code maintainable and concise.

9. Automated test execution

Use CI/CD tools or other frameworks to automate test execution. This helps ensure that tests are run regularly after code changes and any issues are caught.

Practical case

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

public class CalculatorTest {

    @Test
    public void testSum() {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
        int result = calculator.sum(2, 3);
        assertEquals(5, result);
    }
}

This example tests the sum method in the Calculator class to ensure that it can correctly calculate two The sum of numbers.

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