What are the backup methods for Oracle database?

Oracle database backup methods include manual export backup, Automatic Recovery Manager (RMAN) backup, operating system backup and physical backup. Manual export backup involves exporting and importing text files, while RMAN backup provides advanced features such as backup sets and backup blocks by automating the backup and recovery process. Physical backup includes operating system backup and media recovery, while logical backup supports hot backup and cold backup. The best backup method depends on the database size, criticality, and recovery time objectives.

Oracle database backup method

Manual backup

• Export backup: Use the EXPORT command to export the data to a text file.
• Import backup: Use the IMPORT command to import the exported text file into the new database.

Automatic backup

• Recovery Manager (RMAN): Oracle's built-in backup and recovery tool that can automate backups and recovery process.
• Backup set: RMAN organizes database changes into backup sets according to time periods.
• Backup block: The smallest data unit in the backup set, which can quickly and effectively restore lost data.
• Archived log: Log file that records database changes for disaster recovery.

Physical backup

• Operating system backup: Back up the entire file system where the database file is located.
• Media recovery: Use a media recovery tool, such as dd or tar, to copy the database files directly.

Logical backup

• Hot backup: Backup is performed while the database is running without interrupting service.
• Cold backup: Backup is performed after the database is closed, and the service needs to be stopped.

Choose a backup method

The best backup method depends on the size, criticality, and recovery time objective (RTO) of the database. For smaller databases or databases that require fast recovery, hot backup or RMAN is recommended. For large databases or databases that require high reliability, physical backup or operating system backup is recommended.

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