How to create thread-safe functions in Golang?

To create thread-safe functions in Golang, you can use the following methods: Use a Mutex mutex to allow only one thread to access the critical section at a time. Using a read-write lock (RWMutex) allows multiple threads to read data simultaneously, but only one thread can write data.

#How to create thread-safe functions in Golang?

In concurrent programming, thread safety is very important because it prevents data races and crashes in the program. In Golang, you can use the concurrency primitives provided by the sync package to create thread-safe functions.

Using Mutex

Mutex is the most basic concurrency primitive, which allows only one thread to access the critical section at a time. Here is an example of using Mutex to create a thread-safe function:

import (
    "sync"
)

var mu sync.Mutex

func ThreadSafeFunction() {
    mu.Lock()
    defer mu.Unlock()

    // 临界区代码
}

ThreadSafeFunction The function acquires the Mutex before entering the critical section and releases the Mutex when exiting the critical section. This ensures that only one thread can access the critical section code at the same time.

Using read-write locks

Read-write lock (RWMutex) is an advanced concurrency primitive that allows multiple threads to read data at the same time, but only one thread Data can be written. The following is an example of using RWMutex to create a thread-safe function:

import (
    "sync"
)

var rwmu sync.RWMutex

func ThreadSafeFunction() {
    rwmu.RLock()
    defer rwmu.RUnlock()

    // 读取数据代码

    rwmu.Lock()
    defer rwmu.Unlock()

    // 写入数据代码
}

ThreadSafeFunction The function uses RLock() and RUnlock() to read Operation, use Lock() and Unlock() for write operations. This improves concurrency because multiple threads can read data at the same time.

Practical Case

Consider an example of a shared counter that requires concurrent access:

import (
    "sync"
)

// Counter 是一个共享计数器
type Counter struct {
    sync.Mutex
    value int
}

// Increment 增加计数器的值
func (c *Counter) Increment() {
    c.Lock()
    defer c.Unlock()

    // 临界区代码

    c.value++
}

// Value 返回计数器的值
func (c *Counter) Value() int {
    c.Lock()
    defer c.Unlock()

    // 临界区代码

    return c.value
}

In this example, Counter The structure uses a Mutex to ensure that the Increment() and Value() functions are thread-safe. Multiple threads can call the Value() function at the same time to read the counter value, while only one thread can call the Increment() function to increment the counter value.

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