How to implement polymorphism in golang

There is no traditional polymorphism in Go, but you can use interfaces and reflection to achieve similar effects: define the interface and clarify the method set. Create multiple types that implement this interface. Use reflection to call methods dynamically without knowing the specific type.

Implementing polymorphism in Go

How to implement it?

There is no polymorphism in the traditional sense in Go, but you can use interfaces and reflection mechanisms to achieve polymorphic-like behavior.

Interface:

• An interface is a well-defined set of methods, regardless of the type that implements it.
• When a type implements an interface, it must provide all methods defined in the interface.
• Interfaces can be used to represent a common set of behaviors for an object, regardless of its underlying implementation.

Reflection:

• The reflection mechanism allows a program to inspect and modify types and values ​​at runtime.
• You can use reflection to dynamically call methods and access type information.

Implementation steps:

1. Create an interface that defines common methods.
2. Create multiple types, each type implements this interface.
3. Use reflection to dynamically call these methods without knowing the specific type.

Example:

type Shape interface {
    Area() float64
}

type Square struct {
    side float64
}

func (s *Square) Area() float64 {
    return s.side * s.side
}

type Circle struct {
    radius float64
}

func (c *Circle) Area() float64 {
    return math.Pi * c.radius * c.radius
}

func main() {
    shapes := []Shape{
        &Square{side: 5},
        &Circle{radius: 5},
    }

    for _, s := range shapes {
        fmt.Println("Area:", reflect.ValueOf(s).MethodByName("Area").Call([]reflect.Value{})[0].Float())
    }
}

Advantages:

• Implements behavior similar to polymorphism.
• Improves the flexibility of the code.
• Allows methods to be called dynamically at runtime.

Disadvantages:

• Reflection will bring additional performance overhead.
• For large or complex data structures, there may be performance issues.

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