golang function memory layout and calling convention
Go 函数栈帧内存布局包括参数、局部变量和返回值寄存器,其调用约定规定了寄存器的使用。例如,在 x86_64 架构中,参数传递在栈中,返回值存储在寄存器中;在 ARM64 架构中,前 4 个参数传递在寄存器中,其他传递在栈中。
Go 函数内存布局与调用约定
内存布局
Go 函数栈帧的内存布局是:
- 参数
- 局部变量
- 返回值寄存器
参数和局部变量在栈帧中存储在连续的内存区域中。返回值寄存器则存储在特定寄存器中,具体取决于 Go 架构。
调用约定
Go 函数调用约定定义了函数调用期间寄存器的使用方式。在 Go 中,调用约定如下:
-
x86_64 架构:
- 参数传递在栈中
- 返回值存储在寄存器中
-
ARM64 架构:
- 前 4 个参数传递在寄存器中
- 其他参数传递在栈中
- 返回值存储在寄存器中
实战案例
以下 Go 代码示例演示了函数内存布局和调用约定:
func main() { var x int = 10 // 局部变量 y := 20 // 局部变量 sum(x, y) // 调用 sum 函数 } func sum(a, b int) int { // 参数 var c int = a + b // 局部变量 return c // 返回值 }
在本例中,sum 函数有 2 个参数和 1 个局部变量。sum 函数的栈帧如下所示:
+--------------+ | 参数 a | +--------------+ | 参数 b | +--------------+ | 局部变量 c | +--------------+ | 返回值寄存器 | +--------------+
编译后的汇编代码如下:
// 函数 main main: ... // 将局部变量 x 压入栈中 pushq $10 ... // 将局部变量 y 压入栈中 pushq $20 ... // 调用 sum 函数 call sum ... // 函数 sum sum: // 将参数 a 移动到寄存器 rax movq %rdi, %rax // 将参数 b 移动到寄存器 rdx movq %rsi, %rdx ... // 将局部变量 c 压入栈中 pushq %rax ... // 将返回值移动到寄存器 rax movq %rax, %rdi // 返回 retq
汇编代码展示了函数参数、局部变量和返回值在栈帧中的存储以及调用约定是如何工作的。
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