What are the best practices for error handling in C++ functions?

Best C function error handling methods: use exceptions to handle error information; use error codes to represent library/system level errors; use assertions to verify assumptions; use exception specifications to specify throwable exception types; use custom error classes to create custom Error messages and trace sources.

Best Practices for Error Handling in C Functions

Error handling is a critical part of any software development process, and C also provides A variety of error handling mechanisms are provided. Following the following best practices can make your code more robust and maintainable.

1. Using exceptions

Exceptions are C's preferred way of handling errors. They allow you to propagate error information from where the error occurred to where it can be handled.

void function() {
  try {
    // 业务逻辑
  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
    // 错误处理
  }
}

2. Use error codes

Error codes are numeric or symbolic constants that represent errors. They are typically used to indicate library or system level errors.

int function() {
  int status = SUCCESS;
  if (// 库调用失败) {
    status = ERROR;
  }
  return status;
}

3. Use assertions

Assertions are conditions used to verify assumptions during the development process. They throw an exception if the condition is false.

void function() {
  assert(condition);
  // 业务逻辑
}

4. Using exception specifications

Exception specifications allow you to specify the types of exceptions that a function can throw.

void function() throw(const std::exception&) {
  // 业务逻辑
}

5. Use custom error classes

Custom error classes provide a way to create custom error messages and track the source of the error.

class MyError : public std::exception {
public:
  MyError(const std::string& message) : _message(message) {}
  const char* what() const throw() override { return _message.c_str(); }

private:
  std::string _message;
};

Practical Case

The following are examples of applying these best practices in real situations:

void file_open(const std::string& filename) {
  std::ifstream file;
  file.open(filename);
  if (!file.is_open()) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Error opening file " + filename);
  }
}

void main() {
  try {
    file_open("my_file.txt");
    // 业务逻辑
  } catch (const MyError& e) {
    std::cerr << "Error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
    std::cerr << "Unexpected error: " << e.what() << std::endl;
  }
}

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