Comparison of error handling and exception handling in golang functions

Go language provides two error handling mechanisms: 1. Error handling: use the err parameter to return an error, and the caller needs to handle it explicitly; 2. Exception handling: use the panic() and recover() functions to raise and capture exceptions. Practical scenario: Error handling is often used for file operations (returning nil indicates success, non-zero value indicates an error), and exception handling is suitable for network requests (an exception is thrown when an error occurs).

Error handling and exception handling in Go language: comparison and practice

Go language provides two main mechanisms to handle Errors in functions: Error handling and exception handling. They have different functions and applicable scenarios, and understanding their differences is crucial to writing robust and maintainable code.

Error handling

Error handling is accomplished by returning the error from the function using the err parameter. Errors are typically represented by the value nil, or a non-zero value if an error occurs.

func myFunction() error {
    // ... 进行一些操作
    if err != nil {
        return err
    }
    
    // 返回 nil 表示没有发生错误
    return nil
}

When calling a function with an err parameter, you must explicitly check for errors and handle them as necessary.

err := myFunction()
if err != nil {
    // 处理错误
}

Exception handling

Exception handling uses the panic() and recover() functions. panic() throws an exception, and recover() can catch and handle the exception.

func myFunction() {
    // ... 进行一些操作
    if condition {
        panic("发生了错误")
    }
}

func main() {
    defer func() {
        if err := recover(); err != nil {
            // 处理异常
        }
    }
    
    myFunction()
}

Practical case

Error handling: A function that opens a file will return nil to indicate success, non-zero Value indicates an error.

func openFile(filename string) (*os.File, error) {
    file, err := os.Open(filename)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return file, nil
}

Exception handling: A function that performs network requests and throws exceptions when an error is encountered.

func makeRequest() {
    resp, err := http.Get("example.com")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    // 使用 resp 完成操作
}

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