Java Maven Build Tool: An in-depth look at the build life cycle

The Java Maven build tool builds projects by executing the build life cycle, including: verification, compilation, testing, packaging, verification, installation and deployment. Execute a build goal such as mvn compile, mvn test, or mvn install by using the command mvn [goal]. Here are some common examples of build goals: clean, compile, unit test, package, install to local repository, deploy to remote repository.

Java Maven Build Tool: A Deep Dive into the Build Lifecycle

Introduction

Maven is a popular build tool for simplifying Java Project building, packaging and deployment process. It uses a declarative configuration language that allows developers to customize the build process. Maven builds projects primarily by executing a series of goals called the build lifecycle.

Build Life Cycle

The build life cycle defines the various stages of building a project. These stages include:

• Validate: Validates project configuration and dependencies.
• Compile: Compile Java source code.
• Test: Run unit tests.
• Package: Package the project into a deployable artifact (such as a JAR file).
• Verify: Verify the build results.
• Install: Install the project to the local Maven repository.
• Deploy: Deploy the project to a remote Maven repository.

Execute the build goal

Maven uses the command mvn [goal] to execute the build goal. The target can be a build lifecycle stage (for example, mvn compile) or another Maven command (for example, mvn install).

The following are some examples of executing common build goals:

mvn clean compile # 清理项目并编译源代码
mvn test # 运行单元测试
mvn package # 创建可部署的 JAR 文件
mvn install # 安装项目到本地 Maven 存储库
mvn deploy # 部署项目到远程 Maven 存储库

Practical case

The following is an example of a Maven configuration file for a simple Java project:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0</version>

</project>

To build this project, use the following command:

mvn clean compile test package

This will execute the Validate, Compile, Test, and Package build targets and create a JAR file.

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