Practical tutorial on unit testing of golang functions

Go language unit testing method: import the testing package and the package under test. Define test functions starting with "Test". Define test cases, including parameters and expected results. Iterate over the test cases, call functions and compare actual results with expected results. If there is a difference, the trigger test fails.

Practical tutorial on unit testing of Go functions

Unit testing is an indispensable part of software development, it can help us Ensure code correctness and reduce defects. In Go, you can write unit tests using the built-in testing package.

Code Example

Suppose we have a greetPackage package that contains a function named Greet that Accepts a name parameter and returns a greeting.

package greetPackage

import "fmt"

func Greet(name string) string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("Hello, %s!", name)
}

We can use the testing package to write a unit test to test the functionality of the Greet function.

package greetPackage_test

import (
    "testing"

    "github.com/example/myproject/greetPackage"
)

func TestGreet(t *testing.T) {
    tests := []struct {
        name     string
        expected string
    }{
        {"Alice", "Hello, Alice!"},
        {"Bob", "Hello, Bob!"},
    }

    for _, test := range tests {
        actual := greetPackage.Greet(test.name)
        if actual != test.expected {
            t.Errorf("Greet(%s) = %s; expected %s", test.name, actual, test.expected)
        }
    }
}

How it works

• Step 1: Introduce the necessary packages. We need to import the testing package and the package being tested (greetPackage).
• Step 2: Define the test function. The test function must start with "Test" and accept a *testing.T parameter.
• Step 3: Define test cases. We use the tests variable to define a test case slice, where each case contains the parameters to be tested (name) and the expected results (expected) .
• Step 4: Iterate through the test cases and run the tests. We use the for loop to traverse the test cases in sequence and call the greetPackage.Greet function.
• Step 5: Check the actual results. We compare the actual result (actual) of the greetPackage.Greet function to the expected result (expected) and raise a ## if they are different #t.Error.

Run the test

Run the test by running the following command in the terminal:

go test -v github.com/example/myproject/greetPackage

If the test is successful, it will output the following information:

PASS
ok  github.com/example/myproject/greetPackage  0.004s

The above is the detailed content of Practical tutorial on unit testing of golang functions. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!