How do C++ functions implement streaming I/O in network programming?

Answer: Streaming I/O functions in C can be used to read and write to network sockets, just like files. Description: Use the std::cout and std::cin functions to write and read from streams. Use the std::fstream function to open a file or socket input/output stream. Convert network sockets to stream objects via the std::socket_stream adapter. Communicate with the socket using streaming I/O functions such as getline and <<.

Use C functions to implement streaming I/O in network programming

Preface

In network programming, streaming I/O is a powerful tool that can be used to simplify interaction with network sockets. The C standard library provides streaming I/O functions that can be used to read and write data on network sockets, just like files.

Basic functions

The most basic streaming I/O functions include:

• std::cout :Write to stream
• std::cin:Read from stream
• std::fstream:Open a file or socket for input /output stream

Network socket

A network socket is an endpoint used for network communication. To communicate with a socket using C streaming I/O functions, the socket needs to be converted to a stream object. This can be accomplished by using the std::socket_stream adapter:

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  // 创建套接字
  int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

  // 绑定套接字到地址
  struct sockaddr_in addr;
  addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
  addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
  addr.sin_port = htons(8080);
  bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));

  // 监听套接字
  listen(sockfd, 10);

  // 接受客户端连接
  struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
  socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr);
  int client_sockfd = accept(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&client_addr, &client_addr_len);

  // 将套接字转换为流对象
  socket_stream sock_stream(client_sockfd);

  // 从套接字读取数据
  string line;
  getline(sock_stream, line);
  cout << "收到的数据：" << line << endl;

  // 向套接字写入数据
  sock_stream << "欢迎连接！" << endl;
  sock_stream.flush();

  return 0;
}

In this example, the socket_stream adapter converts the socket client_sockfd Is the stream object sock_stream. This allows us to communicate with the client using standard streaming I/O functions (getline and <<).

Practical Case

The above example demonstrates how to use C streaming I/O functions to read and write to a network socket. Streaming I/O can be used in a variety of network programming scenarios, including:

• Server-client communication: Servers can use streaming I/O functions to receive requests from clients and send a response to the client.
• Data transfer: Streaming I/O can be used to transfer large amounts of data, such as files or video streams, over a network.
• Logging: Streaming I/O can be used to write log messages to a socket for logging to a remote server.

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