Debugging and testing of golang functions

There are three techniques for debugging and testing Go functions: using the debugger dlv to step through code, inspect variables, and modify code state. Test functions by writing test functions in the _test.go file and verifying the results using assertion functions. In actual combat, you can use dlv to debug the execution of the function, and use the test framework and assertion function to verify the correctness of the function.

Debugging and testing of Go functions

Introduction

The Go language provides Powerful tools to help developers debug and test functions. This article will introduce different techniques for debugging and testing Go functions.

Debugging

The Go debugger (dlv) is a powerful tool that can be used to step through code, inspect variables, and modify code state.

1. Install and use dlv

• Install dlv: go install github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv@latest
• Debug function: dlv debug -- <function_name></function_name>

2. Debugging command

• n: Single step into the function
• s: Single step into the function and pause
• l: List the variables in the current scope
• p: Print the value of the specified variable
• cont: Continue execution

Testing

The Go testing framework provides the ability to test functions and programs.

1. Create a test file

The test file has the suffix _test.go and is located in the same package as the code to be tested.

2. Write a test function

The test function starts with Test, followed by the name of the function being tested. They follow the following format:

func Test<FunctionName>(t *testing.T) {
    // 测试代码
}

3. Assertions

Assertions are used to verify test results. The Go testing framework provides assertion functions such as Equal(), NotEqual(), True(), False().

4. Practical case

Consider the following Go function:

func Sum(a int, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

We can test this function through the following test function:

import (
    "testing"
)

func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
    type testCase struct {
        a, b, expected int
    }

    testCases := []testCase{
        {1, 2, 3},
        {-1, 5, 4},
        {10, 10, 20},
    }

    for _, tc := range testCases {
        result := Sum(tc.a, tc.b)
        if result != tc.expected {
            t.Errorf("Expected %v, got %v", tc.expected, result)
        }
    }
}

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