Go functional unit testing best practices

Go unit testing best practices include: Using standard testing packages Decomposing large functions Focusing on testing input and output Covering all statements Testing edge cases Using dependency injection

Go Function Units Testing Best Practices

Unit testing is the software development process of testing the basic functionality of a software application. When writing unit tests in Go, you can use the following best practices to ensure code quality and maintainability:

1. Use standard testing packages

Use the testing package provided in the Go standard library, which provides utilities for writing and running unit tests. This makes tests easier to write and port to different Go environments.

2. Decompose large functions

Avoid testing large functions in unit tests. Longer functions can be harder to understand and test, so it's better to break them into smaller, manageable chunks.

3. Focus on testing input and output

Unit testing is designed to verify the expected behavior of the function. Therefore, it is crucial to focus on testing inputs and outputs. Use assertions to check whether actual results match expected results.

4. Cover all statements

Make sure your tests cover all code statements. This can be achieved by using coverage tools, such as Go's go test -cover command.

5. Test edge cases

In addition to testing normal cases, you should also test boundary conditions and edge cases. These situations can expose potential bugs, thereby making the code more robust.

6. Use Dependency Injection

Use dependency injection to inject external dependencies into the code to be tested. This allows you to mock dependencies and test your code independently of external factors.

Practical case:

Consider the following function to calculate area:

package geometry

import "math"

func AreaOfTriangle(base, height float64) float64 {
    return 0.5 * base * height
}

You can write a unit test as follows:

package geometry_test

import (
    "testing"

    "github.com/your-repo/geometry"
)

func TestAreaOfTriangle(t *testing.T) {
    testCases := []struct {
        base   float64
        height float64
        want   float64
    }{
        {0, 0, 0},
        {5, 10, 25},
        {12.5, 7.2, 45},
    }

    for _, tc := range testCases {
        t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v-%v", tc.base, tc.height), func(t *testing.T) {
            got := geometry.AreaOfTriangle(tc.base, tc.height)
            if got != tc.want {
                t.Errorf("AreaOfTriangle(%v, %v) = %v, want %v", tc.base, tc.height, got, tc.want)
            }
        })
    }
}

This unit test covers various inputs through parameterized test cases and verifies the expected output.

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