Home Java javaTutorial The usage and difference between interfaces and abstract classes in Java

The usage and difference between interfaces and abstract classes in Java

May 01, 2024 am 09:42 AM
interface abstract class

接口和抽象类用于定义行为契约。接口定义了方法签名,而抽象类包含方法声明和实现。接口不能实例化,而抽象类可以。接口中的方法默认为公共抽象,而抽象类中的方法默认为受保护抽象。接口用于定义通用 API,而抽象类用于创建类基类和提供基本行为。

Java 中接口和抽象类的用法和区别

Java 中接口和抽象类的用法和区别

简介

接口和抽象类是 Java 中两个很重要的概念,它们都被用来定义行为契约,但它们有不同的用法和特征。

接口

  • 接口是一种特殊的类,它定义了一组要做的事情(方法),但没有实现这些方法。
  • 它是一个纯抽象类型,不能实例化。
  • 实现了接口的类必须实现接口中声明的所有方法。
  • 接口可以继承其他接口,但不能继承类。
  • 接口中的方法默认是公共抽象的。

代码示例:

public interface Drawable {
    void draw();
}
Copy after login

抽象类

  • 抽象类是一种类,它包含抽象方法和具体方法。
  • 抽象方法是只有声明而没有实现的方法。
  • 实例化抽象类会抛出异常。
  • 抽象类可以继承其他类或抽象类。
  • 抽象类中的方法默认是 protected 的。

代码示例:

public abstract class Shape {
    protected String color;
    public abstract void draw();
}
Copy after login

用法

接口:用于定义公共 API,例如可以由多个类实现的统一接口。

  • 例如,一个 Drawable 接口可以表示任何可以绘制的类,而无需考虑具体的实现。

抽象类:用于创建一个类的基类,并提供一些基本行为和状态,同时允许子类定制这些行为和状态。

  • 例如,一个 Shape 抽象类可以提供一些形状的共同属性(如颜色),并定义一个抽象的 draw() 方法,用于子类实现具体的绘制行为。

差异

  • 接口只包含方法声明,而抽象类既包含方法声明也包含实现。
  • 接口不能实例化,而抽象类可以派生出子类。
  • 接口中的方法默认是公共抽象的,而抽象类中的方法默认是受保护的抽象的。

实战案例

考虑一个自定义形状绘制应用程序,其中需要显示各种形状。

  • 可以创建一个 Drawable 接口来定义绘制方法。
  • 然后可以创建 RectangleCircle 等形状的类,这些类实现 Drawable 接口并提供自己的绘制实现。
  • 应用程序可以遍历各种形状并调用 draw() 方法来显示它们。

The above is the detailed content of The usage and difference between interfaces and abstract classes in Java. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

What are the internal interfaces of a computer motherboard? Recommended introduction to the internal interfaces of a computer motherboard What are the internal interfaces of a computer motherboard? Recommended introduction to the internal interfaces of a computer motherboard Mar 12, 2024 pm 04:34 PM

When we assemble the computer, although the installation process is simple, we often encounter problems in the wiring. Often, users mistakenly plug the power supply line of the CPU radiator into the SYS_FAN. Although the fan can rotate, it may not work when the computer is turned on. There will be an F1 error "CPUFanError", which also causes the CPU cooler to be unable to adjust the speed intelligently. Let's share the common knowledge about the CPU_FAN, SYS_FAN, CHA_FAN, and CPU_OPT interfaces on the computer motherboard. Popular science on the CPU_FAN, SYS_FAN, CHA_FAN, and CPU_OPT interfaces on the computer motherboard 1. CPU_FANCPU_FAN is a dedicated interface for the CPU radiator and works at 12V

Common programming paradigms and design patterns in Go language Common programming paradigms and design patterns in Go language Mar 04, 2024 pm 06:06 PM

As a modern and efficient programming language, Go language has rich programming paradigms and design patterns that can help developers write high-quality, maintainable code. This article will introduce common programming paradigms and design patterns in the Go language and provide specific code examples. 1. Object-oriented programming In the Go language, you can use structures and methods to implement object-oriented programming. By defining a structure and binding methods to the structure, the object-oriented features of data encapsulation and behavior binding can be achieved. packagemaini

Introduction to PHP interfaces and how to define them Introduction to PHP interfaces and how to define them Mar 23, 2024 am 09:00 AM

Introduction to PHP interface and how it is defined. PHP is an open source scripting language widely used in Web development. It is flexible, simple, and powerful. In PHP, an interface is a tool that defines common methods between multiple classes, achieving polymorphism and making code more flexible and reusable. This article will introduce the concept of PHP interfaces and how to define them, and provide specific code examples to demonstrate their usage. 1. PHP interface concept Interface plays an important role in object-oriented programming, defining the class application

Solution to NotImplementedError() Solution to NotImplementedError() Mar 01, 2024 pm 03:10 PM

The reason for the error is in python. The reason why NotImplementedError() is thrown in Tornado may be because an abstract method or interface is not implemented. These methods or interfaces are declared in the parent class but not implemented in the child class. Subclasses need to implement these methods or interfaces to work properly. How to solve this problem is to implement the abstract method or interface declared by the parent class in the child class. If you are using a class to inherit from another class and you see this error, you should implement all the abstract methods declared in the parent class in the child class. If you are using an interface and you see this error, you should implement all methods declared in the interface in the class that implements the interface. If you are not sure which

Application of interfaces and abstract classes in design patterns in Java Application of interfaces and abstract classes in design patterns in Java May 01, 2024 pm 06:33 PM

Interfaces and abstract classes are used in design patterns for decoupling and extensibility. Interfaces define method signatures, abstract classes provide partial implementation, and subclasses must implement unimplemented methods. In the strategy pattern, the interface is used to define the algorithm, and the abstract class or concrete class provides the implementation, allowing dynamic switching of algorithms. In the observer pattern, interfaces are used to define observer behavior, and abstract or concrete classes are used to subscribe and publish notifications. In the adapter pattern, interfaces are used to adapt existing classes. Abstract classes or concrete classes can implement compatible interfaces, allowing interaction with original code.

Insight into Hongmeng system: actual function measurement and usage experience Insight into Hongmeng system: actual function measurement and usage experience Mar 23, 2024 am 10:45 AM

As a new operating system launched by Huawei, Hongmeng system has caused quite a stir in the industry. As a new attempt by Huawei after the US ban, Hongmeng system has high hopes and expectations. Recently, I was fortunate enough to get a Huawei mobile phone equipped with Hongmeng system. After a period of use and actual testing, I will share some functional testing and usage experience of Hongmeng system. First, let’s take a look at the interface and functions of Hongmeng system. The Hongmeng system adopts Huawei's own design style as a whole, which is simple, clear and smooth in operation. On the desktop, various

Inner class implementation of interfaces and abstract classes in Java Inner class implementation of interfaces and abstract classes in Java Apr 30, 2024 pm 02:03 PM

Java allows inner classes to be defined within interfaces and abstract classes, providing flexibility for code reuse and modularization. Inner classes in interfaces can implement specific functions, while inner classes in abstract classes can define general functions, and subclasses provide concrete implementations.

An in-depth discussion of the similarities and differences between Golang functional interfaces and abstract classes An in-depth discussion of the similarities and differences between Golang functional interfaces and abstract classes Apr 20, 2024 am 09:21 AM

Both functional interfaces and abstract classes are used for code reusability, but they are implemented in different ways: functional interfaces through reference functions, abstract classes through inheritance. Functional interfaces cannot be instantiated, but abstract classes can. Functional interfaces must implement all declared methods, while abstract classes can only implement some methods.

See all articles