How to use scanf in c++

The scanf() function in C reads data from standard input and stores it in a variable by specifying a format string. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Specify the format string to specify the data type to be read; 2. Pass the variable address of the data to be read; 3. Use the scanf() function to read the input and store it in the variable. For example, the code to read an integer and store it in the variable num is: scanf("%d", &num);.

Usage of scanf() function in C

The scanf() function is used to input data from standard input (usually keyboard ) to read formatted data. It reads a sequence of characters from a format string and matches them with the memory address of the corresponding variable, thereby reading and storing the data into the variable.

Syntax:

<code class="cpp">int scanf(const char *format, ...);</code>

Parameters:

• format: Format string, Specify the data type and address of the variable to be read.
• ...: A variable number of parameters of the data type and address to be read.

Return value:

The number of data items successfully read, or EOF (End of File) indicating that the end of the file has been reached.

Format string:

The format string specifies the data type to be read and the address of the variable that matches it. It contains one of the following conversion specifiers:

Conversion Specifier	Data Type
%c	Character
%d	Integer
%f	Floating point number
%s	String

##Usage:

To use the scanf() function, follow these steps:

A format string that specifies the type of data to read.
1. Pass the variable address of the data to be read as an additional parameter.
2. Use the scanf() function to read the input and store it in a variable.

Example:

The following example demonstrates how to use the scanf() function to read an integer entered by the user and store it in a variable:

<code class="cpp">int main() {
    int num;
    printf("Enter an integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);
    printf("The integer you entered is: %d\n", num);
    return 0;
}</code>

Note: The

scanf() function only allows reading data from standard input.
• The format string and variable address must match.
• If the input does not match the format string, the function will return EOF.
• If the input string contains spaces or other whitespace characters, scanf() will stop reading.

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