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How to use unique in mysql

May 01, 2024 pm 08:03 PM
mysql

MySQL 中的 UNIQUE 约束确保特定列或列组的值在表中唯一。具体用法如下:使用 ALTER TABLE 语句添加 UNIQUE 约束:ALTER TABLE table_name ADD UNIQUE (column_name);在创建表时指定 UNIQUE 约束:CREATE TABLE table_name (column_name UNIQUE);

How to use unique in mysql

如何使用 MySQL 中的 UNIQUE 约束

UNIQUE 约束是一种数据库约束,用于确保表中每一行的特定列或一组列的值都是唯一的。

用法

在 MySQL 中,使用以下语法创建 UNIQUE 约束:

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD UNIQUE (column_name);
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或者,您可以在创建表时指定 UNIQUE 约束:

CREATE TABLE table_name (
  id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  name VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
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工作原理

UNIQUE 约束强制每个行的指定列或列组的值在表中必须是唯一的。如果尝试插入具有重复值的记录,MySQL 将返回错误并阻止该操作。

优点

使用 UNIQUE 约束的优点包括:

  • 保证数据的完整性和准确性。
  • 提高查询性能,因为可以快速唯一标识每一行。
  • 对于依赖唯一值(例如主键)的应用程序,提供了一个可靠的基础。

与 PRIMARY KEY 的区别

PRIMARY KEY 约束与 UNIQUE 约束类似,但具有以下主要区别:

  • PRIMARY KEY 约束不仅要求列值唯一,而且还要求该列不为 NULL。
  • PRIMARY KEY 约束只能在一个表中定义一次,而 UNIQUE 约束可以定义多次。

示例

以下示例创建了一个名为 "users" 的表,其中包含一个名为 "email" 的 UNIQUE 约束:

CREATE TABLE users (
  id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  name VARCHAR(255),
  email VARCHAR(255) UNIQUE,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
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在这个示例中,"email" 列被设置为 UNIQUE,这意味着没有两行可以具有相同的电子邮件地址值。

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