PHP functions' ever-increasing coroutine features

PHP coroutine features have been significantly enhanced to provide flexibility, performance and scalability. Key benefits include: Parallelism: Allows multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously. Efficiency: lightweight to avoid performance loss. Scalability: Easily expandable to multi-core systems. Coroutine functions in PHP include Fiber::new(), Fiber::start(), Fiber::suspend(), and Fiber::resume(), which are used to create, start, suspend, and resume coroutines. A common use case for coroutines is asynchronous I/O operations, which can be avoided by giving up the coroutine (Fiber::suspend()) to avoid blocking the main thread.

PHP functions’ continuously enhanced coroutine features

PHP’s coroutine features have been significantly enhanced since their introduction, providing PHP with Programming provides tremendous flexibility, performance, and scalability.

Benefits of coroutines

• Parallelism: Coroutines allow multiple tasks to be executed simultaneously without blocking the main thread.
• Efficiency: Coroutines are lightweight and have very little overhead, avoiding the performance loss of thread creation and context switching.
• Scalability: Coroutines can be easily extended to multi-core systems, making full use of available resources.

Coroutines in PHP

PHP has introduced coroutine support in the Fiber extension, providing the following common functions:

• Fiber::new(): Creates a new coroutine and returns a Fiber object.
• Fiber::start(): Start the coroutine and execute its code.
• Fiber::suspend(): Suspends the coroutine and returns its execution rights to the main thread.
• Fiber::resume(): Resume the suspended coroutine and continue its execution.

Practical case

A common coroutine use case is to handle asynchronous I/O operations. Consider the following code:

$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
socket_connect($socket, 'www.example.com', 80);

$request = "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.example.com\r\n\r\n";
socket_write($socket, $request);

while (true) {
    $data = socket_read($socket, 1024);
    if ($data === false || $data === '') {
        break;
    }
    echo $data;
}

socket_close($socket);

This code blocks the main thread until the entire HTTP request-response cycle is completed. By using coroutines, we can make this operation non-blocking:

$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);
Fiber::suspend();  // 让出协程

socket_connect($socket, 'www.example.com', 80);
Fiber::suspend();  // 让出协程

$request = "GET /index.html HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.example.com\r\n\r\n";
socket_write($socket, $request);
Fiber::suspend();  // 让出协程

while (true) {
    $data = socket_read($socket, 1024);
    if ($data === false || $data === '') {
        break;
    }
    echo $data;
    Fiber::suspend();  // 让出协程
}

socket_close($socket);

In this case, we give up the blocking I/O operation to the main thread, allowing the coroutine to wait for the operation to complete Continue to perform other tasks during this period.

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