What is the error handling mechanism of goroutine in golang function?

By default, errors in Goroutines in Go are ignored and need to be handled explicitly. The processing methods are: 1. Use the panic and recover functions to capture exceptions; 2. Use the errors channel to pass errors so that errors can be collected and processed in the main function.

Goroutine error handling mechanism in Go language functions

Goroutine is the cornerstone of concurrent programming in Go language, which allows developers to simultaneously Run multiple functions. Although Goroutines are very powerful, there are some subtleties in their error handling mechanisms.

Default behavior: Ignore errors

By default, when an error occurs in a Goroutine, the error is ignored. This means errors are not propagated to the main function and are not logged. This can cause problems that are difficult to track and debug.

Panic and Recover

One way to handle errors in a Goroutine is to use the panic and recover functions. panic will throw an exception, while recover can catch the exception from the same Goroutine.

Example:

func goroutineWithPanic() {
    defer func() {
        if err := recover(); err != nil {
            log.Println("Error in goroutine:", err)
        }
    }()

    // 正常代码
}

func main() {
    go goroutineWithPanic()
}

In the above example, the defer statement will ensure that the recover function is always called, even during a panic After the function throws an exception.

Errors Channel

Another way to handle errors in a Goroutine is to use the errors channel. The errors channel is an unbuffered channel that can be used to pass errors from a Goroutine.

Example:

func goroutineWithErrors(errors chan error) {
    // 正常代码

    // 如果发生错误，发送错误到通道
    if err != nil {
        errors <- err
    }
}

func main() {
    errors := make(chan error)
    go goroutineWithErrors(errors)

    // 从通道中读取错误
    err := <-errors
    if err != nil {
        log.Println("Error from goroutine:", err)
    }
}

In this example, the errors channel is used to pass errors that occur in Goroutine.

Practical case

Consider the following practical case of using Goroutine to execute HTTP requests in parallel:

func main() {
    // 创建一个 errors 通道来收集错误
    errors := make(chan error)

    // 创建一个 goroutine 数组
    routines := []func(){
        func() { sendRequest("https://example1.com", errors) },
        func() { sendRequest("https://example2.com", errors) },
        func() { sendRequest("https://example3.com", errors) },
    }

    // 并行运行 goroutine
    for _, r := range routines {
        go r()
    }

    // 收集和处理 goroutine 中发生的错误
    for i := 0; i < len(routines); i++ {
        if err := <-errors; err != nil {
            log.Println("Error from goroutine:", err)
        }
    }
}

In this practical case, by using the errors channel, We can ensure that all errors that occur in Goroutines are collected and handled appropriately.

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