Detailed explanation of C++ function inheritance: How to use inheritance to optimize performance?

Overloading allows defining functions with the same name to optimize performance, and different parameters trigger different implementations. An abstract Shape class is defined for different shapes (rectangle, circle), and the area() method is overloaded using the subclasses Rectangle and Circle to automatically call the correct implementation through the shape type to avoid redundant calculations.

C function overloading: how to use overloading to optimize performance

Introduction

Overloading refers to defining multiple functions with the same name but different parameters in the same class. It allows calling different function implementations based on different parameters, thereby optimizing program performance.

Grammar

returnType functionName(参数列表1);
returnType functionName(参数列表2);

Practical case

##Objective: Calculate the area of ​​different shapes

Implementation:

class Shape {
public:
    virtual double area() = 0;  // 抽象方法
};

class Rectangle : public Shape {
public:
    Rectangle(double width, double height) : _width(width), _height(height) {}
    virtual double area() override { return _width * _height; }

private:
    double _width;
    double _height;
};

class Circle : public Shape {
public:
    Circle(double radius) : _radius(radius) {}
    virtual double area() override { return M_PI * _radius * _radius; }

private:
    double _radius;
};

int main() {
    Shape* rectangle = new Rectangle(10, 5);
    Shape* circle = new Circle(5);

    cout << "Rectangle area: " << rectangle->area() << endl;
    cout << "Circle area: " << circle->area() << endl;

    delete rectangle;
    delete circle;
    return 0;
}

Principle

By inheriting different shapes from an abstract class

Shape, we Overloading can be used to define specific area() methods for each shape. This way, when Shape::area() is called, the correct implementation is called based on the actual shape type, thus avoiding redundant calculations.

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