Mock and stub technology in PHP unit testing
在 PHP 单元测试中,模拟和桩技术可用于:模拟:使用假对象替换依赖项,控制行为并验证交互。桩:创建专门的假接口,验证依赖项的调用情况。模拟可使用 $this->getMockBuilder() 和 ->getMock() 方法创建,用于设置预期行为和断言。桩可使用 ->see() 方法进行断言。这些技术有助于隔离代码并验证依赖项的交互,如使用 ProductService 模拟検証 calculateTotal() 函数处理数据。
PHP 单元测试中的模拟与桩技术
在单元测试中,模拟和桩技术对于孤立代码和验证其与依赖项之间的交互非常重要。PHP 中有许多可用的框架和工具来实施这些技术。
模拟
模拟是一种替换实际依赖项的假对象,它允许您控制其行为并验证与它的交互。PHPUnit 中的 $this->getMockBuilder()
和 ->getMock()
方法可用于创建模拟对象。
示例:
// 在 $object 中模拟 MyService 类 $mock = $this->getMockBuilder(MyService::class) ->disableOriginalConstructor() ->getMock(); // 设置 mock 方法的预期行为 $mock->expects($this->once()) ->method('doSomething') ->with('arg1', 'arg2') ->willReturn('result'); // 与模拟对象交互并进行断言 $this->assertSame('result', $object->doSomething('arg1', 'arg2'));
桩
桩是一种为实际依赖项创建专用接口的假对象。它允许您验证依赖项是否在预期的情况下被调用。PHPUnit 中的 ->see()
方法可用于进行桩断言。
示例:
// 为 $service 创建二重桩 $stub = $this->createMock(MyService::class); // 设置实际依赖项,以便稍后断言 $object = new MyObject($stub); // 与实际对象交互 $object->doSomething(); // 验证桩是否被调用 $this->assertTrue($stub->expects($this->once()) ->method('doSomething') ->with('arg1', 'arg2') ->hasBeenCalled());
实战案例:
假设我们有一个函数 calculateTotal()
,它从 ProductService
中获取产品数据。我们可以使用模拟技术来隔离 ProductService
,并验证 calculateTotal()
是否正确处理数据。
// 使用模拟来验证 calculateTotal() $productServiceMock = $this->getMockBuilder(ProductService::class) ->disableOriginalConstructor() ->getMock(); $productServiceMock->expects($this->once()) ->method('getProducts') ->willReturn([ ['id' => 1, 'price' => 10], ['id' => 2, 'price' => 20] ]); $total = calculateTotal($productServiceMock); $this->assertEquals(30, $total);
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