Examples of typical problems solved with templated programming?

Template programming can solve common programming problems: container types: easily create containers such as linked lists, stacks, and queues; function functors: create objects that can be called as functions, simplifying algorithm comparison; generic algorithms: in various data Run common algorithms on types without special implementation; Container adapter: Modify existing container behavior without creating new copies; Enumeration class: Create enumerations with strong type verification at compile time.

Examples of common problems with template programming

Template programming is a powerful technique that can make code more versatile, Reusable. It can solve many typical problems in the following ways:

1. Container type

Templated programming can easily create your own container types, such as linked lists, stacks and queues, No need to reimplement common functionality such as iteration and resizing.

template<class T>
class Stack {
  vector<T> data;
  int top;

public:
  Stack() { top = -1; }
  void push(const T& value) { data.push_back(value); top++; }
  T pop() { if (top < 0) throw exception(); return data.back(); }
};

2. Function functor

Template programming can help create function functors, that is, objects that can be called like functions. This is useful in algorithms, which often require the use of function pointers or anonymous functions to specify comparisons or other operations.

template<class T>
struct Comparator {
  bool operator()(const T& a, const T& b) {
    return a < b;
  }
};

// 使用方式
sort(data.begin(), data.end(), Comparator<int>());

3. Generic Algorithms

Template-based programming can create generic algorithms that work on a variety of data types without the need for each type Implement them specifically.

template<class T>
void find(vector<T>& data, T value) {
  for (auto it = data.begin(); it != data.end(); it++) {
    if (*it == value) return;
  }
  throw exception();
}

4. Container Adapters

Templated programming allows you to create container adapters that modify the behavior of existing containers without creating new copies of the containers.

template<class Container>
class IndexedContainer {
  Container& container;
  size_t index;

public:
  IndexedContainer(Container& c) : container(c), index(0) {}
  T& operator*() { return container[index]; }
  void operator++() { index++; }
};

// 使用方式
for (auto& item : IndexedContainer(data)) {
  // ...
}

5. Enumeration classes

Template-based programming makes it easy to create enumeration classes with strong type validation that is checked at compile time.

enum class Color { Red, Green, Blue };

template<Color C>
struct ColorName {
  static const char* name() { switch (C) { case Color::Red: return "Red"; case Color::Green: return "Green"; case Color::Blue: return "Blue"; } }
};

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