What are the application examples of template programming in different fields?

Template programming is a paradigm for creating flexible, reusable code and is widely used in fields such as data structures, container libraries, metaprogramming, and graphics libraries. Specific examples include dynamic arrays, hash tables, priority queues, type erasure, and vertex shaders.

Application examples of template programming in different fields

Introduction:

Template programming is a A powerful programming paradigm that allows programmers to create flexible and reusable code that can handle various types of data. This article will explore practical application examples of templated programming in different fields.

Domain 1: Data Structures and Algorithms

• Dynamic Arrays: Usingstd::vector<t></t> Template to create dynamically sized arrays that can automatically grow and shrink as needed.
• Linked list: Use a templated linked list class (such as std::list<t></t>) to implement a growable doubly linked list.

Domain 2: Container Library

• Hash table: Using std::unordered_map<k v></k> Templates create hash tables that can quickly store and retrieve key-value pairs.
• Priority queue: Use the std::priority_queue<t></t> template to implement a minimum heap priority queue, which can handle priority items efficiently.

Domain 3: Metaprogramming

• Type erasure: Use std::function<t args...></t> Template erases the type information of the calling function, allowing the creation of generic function pointers at compile time.
• Reflection: Use the std::type_traits template library to query and manipulate type information at runtime.

Domain 4: Graphics Library

• Vertex Shader:Create a vertex shader using the HLSL shading language template. Shaders can handle a variety of vertex data types.
• Material system: Use template class to implement the material system, which can generate different shader programs based on different material types.

Practical case:

Example 1: Dynamic array (field 1)

#include <vector>

int main()
{
    // 创建一个可以存储整型的动态数组
    std::vector<int> numbers;

    // 向数组中添加元素
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        numbers.push_back(i);

    // 打印数组中的元素
    for (int i : numbers)
        std::cout << i << " ";

    return 0;
}

Example 2: Priority queue (field 2)

#include <queue>

int main()
{
    // 创建一个最小堆优先队列
    std::priority_queue<int> pq;

    // 向优先队列中添加元素
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        pq.push(i);

    // 检索并删除优先级最高的元素
    while (!pq.empty())
    {
        std::cout << pq.top() << " ";
        pq.pop();
    }

    return 0;
}

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