PHP中的traits实现代码复用使用实例_PHP
PHP5.4后新增traits实现代码复用机制,Trait和类相似,但不能被实例化,无需继承,只需要在类中使用关键词use引入即可,可引入多个Traits,用','隔开。
(1)Trait简单使用
<?php trait A { public $var1 = 'test1'; public function test1() { echo 'trait A::test1()'; } } trait B { public $var2 = 'test2'; public function test2() { echo 'trait B::test2()'; } } class C { use A,B; } $c = new C(); echo $c->var1; //test1 $c->test2(); //trait B::test2()
(2)优先级问题
Trait会覆盖继承的方法,当前类会覆盖Trait方法。
trait A { public $var1 = 'test'; public function test() { echo 'A::test()'; } public function test1() { echo 'A::test1()'; } } class B { public function test() { echo 'B::test()'; } public function test1() { echo 'B::test1()'; } } class C extends B{ use A; public function test() { echo 'c::test()'; } } $c = new C(); $c->test(); //c::test() $c->test1(); //A::test1()
(3)多个Trait冲突问题
如果没有解决冲突,会产生致命错误;
可用insteadof来明确使用冲突中哪一个方法;
可用as操作符将其中一个冲突方法另起名;
trait A { public function test() { echo 'A::test()'; } } trait B { public function test() { echo 'B::test()'; } } class C { use A,B { B::test insteadof A; B::test as t; } } $c = new C(); $c->test(); //B::test() $c->t(); //B::test() 可以用as另起名
(4)as可用来修改方法访问控制
trait HelloWorld { public function sayHello () { echo 'Hello World!' ; } } // 修改 sayHello 的访问控制 class A { use HelloWorld { sayHello as protected; } } // 给方法一个改变了访问控制的别名 // 原版 sayHello 的访问控制则没有发生变化 class B { use HelloWorld { sayHello as private myPrivateHello ; } } $b = new A(); $b->sayHello(); //Fatal error: Call to protected method A::sayHello() from context ''
(5)Trait中使用Trait
trait A { public function test1() { echo 'test1'; } } trait B { public function test2() { echo 'test2'; } } trait C { use A,B; } class D { use C; } $d = new D(); $d->test2(); //test2
(6)Trait支持抽象方法、支持静态方法、不可以直接定义静态变量,但静态变量可被trait方法引用。
trait A { public function test1() { static $a = 0; $a++; echo $a; } abstract public function test2(); //可定义抽象方法 } class B { use A; public function test2() { } } $b = new B(); $b->test1(); //1 $b->test1(); //2
(7)Trait可定义属性,但类中不能定义同样名称属性
trait A { public $test1; } class B { use A; public $test2; }

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