What are the best practices for PHP errors and exceptions?

Best PHP error and exception management practices: Use PHP built-in error handlers, set error reporting levels and specify custom handlers. Use custom exception classes to create application-specific exceptions that carry relevant information. Exceptions are thrown through the throw keyword to indicate unexpected events. Use try-catch statements to catch and handle exceptions, both specific exception types and all others. Log errors and exceptions to log files and use third-party services for centralized monitoring.

Best Practices: Managing PHP Errors and Exceptions

Introduction
PHP Errors and Exceptions It is the key to handle unexpected events in the application. Effective error and exception handling can improve the stability and reliability of the application. In this article, we'll explore best practices to help you manage PHP errors and exceptions effectively.

Practice Guide

1. Use PHP’s built-in Error Handler
PHP has built-in error_reporting andset_error_handler Function used to capture and handle errors. You can set the error reporting level using the error_reporting function and specify a custom error handler using the set_error_handler function.

error_reporting(E_ALL);
set_error_handler(function ($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
    // 自定义错误处理逻辑
});

2. Using custom exception classes
Custom exception classes allow you to create application-specific exceptions and carry exception-related information. To do this, you can extend the Exception class or create your own custom exception class.

class MyCustomException extends Exception {
    public function __construct($message, $code = 0, Exception $previous = null) {
        parent::__construct($message, $code, $previous);
    }
}

3. Throw an exception
Use the throw keyword to throw an exception to indicate that an unexpected event has occurred in the application. Exceptions can contain error codes, error messages, and other relevant information.

throw new MyCustomException("An error occurred.", 404);

4. Catch exceptions
Use the try-catch statement to catch and handle exceptions. The try block contains code that may have exceptions, while the catch block catches a specific exception type.

try {
    // 代码可能有异常
} catch (MyCustomException $e) {
    // 处理 MyCustomException
} catch (Exception $e) {
    // 处理所有其他异常
}

5. Logging and Monitoring
Log errors and exceptions to log files for troubleshooting and monitoring. You can also use third-party services to send errors and exceptions to a centralized monitoring system.

Practical case

Record all unhandled exceptions

register_shutdown_function(function () {
    $error = error_get_last();
    if ($error !== null) {
        // 将未处理的异常记录到日志文件中
    }
});

Use custom exception classes to handle API errors

class ApiException extends Exception {
    public function __construct($message, $code = 400) {
        parent::__construct($message, $code);
    }
}

// API 调用
try {
    $response = call_api();
} catch (ApiException $e) {
    // 处理 API 错误
}

Conclusion
By following these best practices, you can effectively manage PHP errors and exceptions, thereby improving the stability and reliability of your application.

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