Home Backend Development Python Tutorial 详解Django通用视图中的函数包装

详解Django通用视图中的函数包装

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:13 AM
django

用函数包装来处理复杂的数据过滤

另一个常见的需求是按URL里的关键字来过滤数据对象。 之前,我们在URLconf中硬编码了出版商的名字,但是如果我们想用一个视图就显示某个任意指定的出版商的所有书籍,那该怎么办呢? 我们可以通过对 object_list 通用视图进行包装来避免 写一大堆的手工代码。 按惯例,我们先从写URL配置开始:

urlpatterns = patterns('',
 (r'^publishers/$', list_detail.object_list, publisher_info),
 **(r'^books/(\w+)/$', books_by_publisher),**
)

Copy after login

接下来,我们写 books_by_publisher 这个视图:

from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic import list_detail
from mysite.books.models import Book, Publisher

def books_by_publisher(request, name):

 # Look up the publisher (and raise a 404 if it can't be found).
 publisher = get_object_or_404(Publisher, name__iexact=name)

 # Use the object_list view for the heavy lifting.
 return list_detail.object_list(
  request,
  queryset = Book.objects.filter(publisher=publisher),
  template_name = 'books/books_by_publisher.html',
  template_object_name = 'book',
  extra_context = {'publisher': publisher}
 )

Copy after login

这样写没问题,因为通用视图就是Python函数。 和其他的视图函数一样,通用视图也是接受一些 参数并返回 HttpResponse 对象。 因此,通过包装通用视图函数可以做更多的事。

注意

注意在前面这个例子中我们在 extra_context中传递了当前出版商这个参数。
处理额外工作

我们再来看看最后一个常用模式:

想象一下我们在 Author 对象里有一个 last_accessed 字段,我们用这个字段来记录最近一次对author的访问。 当然通用视图 object_detail 并不能处理这个问题,但是我们仍然可以很容易地编写一个自定义的视图来更新这个字段。

首先,我们需要在URL配置里设置指向到新的自定义视图:

from mysite.books.views import author_detail

urlpatterns = patterns('',
 # ...
 **(r'^authors/(&#63;P<author_id>\d+)/$', author_detail),**
 # ...
)

Copy after login

接下来写包装函数:

import datetime
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from django.views.generic import list_detail
from mysite.books.models import Author

def author_detail(request, author_id):
 # Delegate to the generic view and get an HttpResponse.
 response = list_detail.object_detail(
  request,
  queryset = Author.objects.all(),
  object_id = author_id,
 )

 # Record the last accessed date. We do this *after* the call
 # to object_detail(), not before it, so that this won't be called
 # unless the Author actually exists. (If the author doesn't exist,
 # object_detail() will raise Http404, and we won't reach this point.)
 now = datetime.datetime.now()
 Author.objects.filter(id=author_id).update(last_accessed=now)

 return response

Copy after login

注意

除非你添加 last_accessed 字段到你的 Author 模型并创建 books/author_detail.html 模板,否则这段代码不能真正工作。

我们可以用同样的方法修改通用视图的返回值。 如果我们想要提供一个供下载用的 纯文本版本的author列表,我们可以用下面这个视图:

def author_list_plaintext(request):
 response = list_detail.object_list(
  request,
  queryset = Author.objects.all(),
  mimetype = 'text/plain',
  template_name = 'books/author_list.txt'
 )
 response["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename=authors.txt"
 return response

Copy after login

这个方法之所以工作是因为通用视图返回的 HttpResponse 对象可以象一个字典 一样的设置HTTP的头部。 随便说一下,这个 Content-Disposition 的含义是 告诉浏览器下载并保存这个页面,而不是在浏览器中显示它。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Repo: How To Revive Teammates
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to check django version How to check django version Dec 01, 2023 pm 02:25 PM

Steps to check the Django version: 1. Open a terminal or command prompt window; 2. Make sure Django has been installed. If Django is not installed, you can use the package management tool to install it and enter the pip install django command; 3. After the installation is complete , you can use python -m django --version to check the Django version.

Django vs. Flask: A comparative analysis of Python web frameworks Django vs. Flask: A comparative analysis of Python web frameworks Jan 19, 2024 am 08:36 AM

Django and Flask are both leaders in Python Web frameworks, and they both have their own advantages and applicable scenarios. This article will conduct a comparative analysis of these two frameworks and provide specific code examples. Development Introduction Django is a full-featured Web framework, its main purpose is to quickly develop complex Web applications. Django provides many built-in functions, such as ORM (Object Relational Mapping), forms, authentication, management backend, etc. These features allow Django to handle large

Django Framework Pros and Cons: Everything You Need to Know Django Framework Pros and Cons: Everything You Need to Know Jan 19, 2024 am 09:09 AM

Django is a complete development framework that covers all aspects of the web development life cycle. Currently, this framework is one of the most popular web frameworks worldwide. If you plan to use Django to build your own web applications, then you need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the Django framework. Here's everything you need to know, including specific code examples. Django advantages: 1. Rapid development-Djang can quickly develop web applications. It provides a rich library and internal

How to check django version How to check django version Nov 30, 2023 pm 03:08 PM

How to check the django version: 1. To check through the command line, enter the "python -m django --version" command in the terminal or command line window; 2. To check in the Python interactive environment, enter "import django print(django. get_version())" code; 3. Check the settings file of the Django project and find a list named INSTALLED_APPS, which contains installed application information.

What is the difference between django versions? What is the difference between django versions? Nov 20, 2023 pm 04:33 PM

The differences are: 1. Django 1.x series: This is an early version of Django, including versions 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 and 1.9. These versions mainly provide basic web development functions; 2. Django 2.x series: This is the mid-term version of Django, including 2.0, 2.1, 2.2 and other versions; 3. Django 3.x series: This is the latest version series of Django. Including versions 3.0, 3, etc.

How to upgrade Django version: steps and considerations How to upgrade Django version: steps and considerations Jan 19, 2024 am 10:16 AM

How to upgrade Django version: steps and considerations, specific code examples required Introduction: Django is a powerful Python Web framework that is continuously updated and upgraded to provide better performance and more features. However, for developers using older versions of Django, upgrading Django may face some challenges. This article will introduce the steps and precautions on how to upgrade the Django version, and provide specific code examples. 1. Back up project files before upgrading Djan

Is django front-end or back-end? Is django front-end or back-end? Nov 21, 2023 pm 02:36 PM

django is the backend. Details: Although Django is primarily a backend framework, it is closely related to front-end development. Through features such as Django's template engine, static file management, and RESTful API, front-end developers can collaborate with back-end developers to build powerful, scalable web applications.

Django, Flask, and FastAPI: Which framework is right for beginners? Django, Flask, and FastAPI: Which framework is right for beginners? Sep 27, 2023 pm 09:06 PM

Django, Flask, and FastAPI: Which framework is right for beginners? Introduction: In the field of web application development, there are many excellent Python frameworks to choose from. This article will focus on the three most popular frameworks, Django, Flask and FastAPI. We will evaluate their features and discuss which framework is best for beginners to use. At the same time, we will also provide some specific code examples to help beginners better understand these frameworks. 1. Django: Django

See all articles