Python的条件语句与运算符优先级详解
Python 条件语句
Python条件语句是通过一条或多条语句的执行结果(True或者False)来决定执行的代码块。
可以通过下图来简单了解条件语句的执行过程:
Python程序语言指定任何非0和非空(null)值为true,0 或者 null为false。
Python 编程中 if 语句用于控制程序的执行,基本形式为:
if 判断条件: 执行语句…… else: 执行语句……
其中"判断条件"成立时(非零),则执行后面的语句,而执行内容可以多行,以缩进来区分表示同一范围。
else 为可选语句,当需要在条件不成立时执行内容则可以执行相关语句,具体例子如下:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 例1:if 基本用法 flag = False name = 'luren' if name == 'python': # 判断变量否为'python' flag = True # 条件成立时设置标志为真 print 'welcome boss' # 并输出欢迎信息 else: print name # 条件不成立时输出变量名称
输出结果为:
>>> luren # 输出结果
if 语句的判断条件可以用>(大于)、<(小于)、==(等于)、>=(大于等于)、<=(小于等于)来表示其关系。
当判断条件为多个值是,可以使用以下形式:
if 判断条件1: 执行语句1…… elif 判断条件2: 执行语句2…… elif 判断条件3: 执行语句3…… else: 执行语句4……
实例如下:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 例2:elif用法 num = 5 if num == 3: # 判断num的值 print 'boss' elif num == 2: print 'user' elif num == 1: print 'worker' elif num < 0: # 值小于零时输出 print 'error' else: print 'roadman' # 条件均不成立时输出
输出结果为:
>>> roadman # 输出结果
由于 python 并不支持 switch 语句,所以多个条件判断,只能用 elif 来实现,如果判断需要多个条件需同时判断时,可以使用 or (或),表示两个条件有一个成立时判断条件成功;使用 and (与)时,表示只有两个条件同时成立的情况下,判断条件才成功。
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 例3:if语句多个条件 num = 9 if num >= 0 and num <= 10: # 判断值是否在0~10之间 print 'hello' >>> hello # 输出结果 num = 10 if num < 0 or num > 10: # 判断值是否在小于0或大于10 print 'hello' else: print 'undefine' >>> undefine # 输出结果 num = 8 # 判断值是否在0~5或者10~15之间 if (num >= 0 and num <= 5) or (num >= 10 and num <= 15): print 'hello' else: print 'undefine' >>> undefine # 输出结果
当if有多个条件时可使用括号来区分判断的先后顺序,括号中的判断优先执行,此外 and 和 or 的优先级低于>(大于)、<(小于)等判断符号,即大于和小于在没有括号的情况下会比与或要优先判断。
简单的语句组
你也可以在同一行的位置上使用if条件判断语句,如下实例:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- var = 100 if ( var == 100 ) : print "变量 var 的值为100" print "Good bye!"
以上代码执行输出结果如下:
变量 var 的值为100 Good bye!
Python运算符优先级
以下表格列出了从最高到最低优先级的所有运算符:
以下实例演示了Python所有运算符优先级的操作:
#!/usr/bin/python a = 20 b = 10 c = 15 d = 5 e = 0 e = (a + b) * c / d #( 30 * 15 ) / 5 print "Value of (a + b) * c / d is ", e e = ((a + b) * c) / d # (30 * 15 ) / 5 print "Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is ", e e = (a + b) * (c / d); # (30) * (15/5) print "Value of (a + b) * (c / d) is ", e e = a + (b * c) / d; # 20 + (150/5) print "Value of a + (b * c) / d is ", e
以上实例输出结果:
Value of (a + b) * c / d is 90 Value of ((a + b) * c) / d is 90 Value of (a + b) * (c / d) is 90 Value of a + (b * c) / d is 50

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