Home Backend Development Python Tutorial python实现读取命令行参数的方法

python实现读取命令行参数的方法

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:17 AM
python Command line parameters read

本文实例讲述了python读取命令行参数的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

如果想对python脚本传参数,python中对应的argc, argv(c语言的命令行参数)是什么呢?

需要模块:sys
参数个数:len(sys.argv)
脚本名:    sys.argv[0]
参数1:     sys.argv[1]
参数2:     sys.argv[2]

test.py:

import sys
print "脚本名:", sys.argv[0]
for i in range(1, len(sys.argv)):
  print "参数", i, sys.argv[i]
>>>python test.py hello world

Copy after login

脚本名:test.py
参数 1 hello
参数 2 world

python中使用命令行选项:

例如我们需要一个convert.py脚本。它的作用是处理一个文件,并将处理后的结果输出到另一个文件中。

要求该脚本满足以下条件:

1.通过-i -o选项来区别参数是输入文件还是输出文件.
>>> python convert.py -i inputfile -o outputfile
2.当不知道convert.py需要哪些参数时,用-h打印出帮助信息
>>> python convert.py -h

getopt函数原形:

getopt.getopt(args, options[, long_options])

convert.py:

import sys, getopt
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hi:o:")
input_file=""
output_file=""
for op, value in opts:
  if op == "-i":
    input_file = value
  elif op == "-o":
    output_file = value
  elif op == "-h":
    usage()
    sys.exit()

Copy after login

代码解释:

a) sys.argv[1:]为要处理的参数列表,sys.argv[0]为脚本名,所以用sys.argv[1:]过滤掉脚本名。

b) "hi:o:": 当一个选项只是表示开关状态时,即后面不带附加参数时,在分析串中写入选项字符。当选项后面是带一个附加参数时,在分析串中写入选项字符同时后面加一个":"号。所以"hi:o:"就表示"h"是一个开关选项;"i:"和"o:"则表示后面应该带一个参数。

c) 调用getopt函数。函数返回两个列表:opts和args。opts为分析出的格式信息。args为不属于格式信息的剩余的命令行参数。opts是一个两元组的列表。每个元素为:(选项串,附加参数)。如果没有附加参数则为空串''。

getopt函数的第三个参数[, long_options]为可选的长选项参数,上面例子中的都为短选项(如-i -o)

长选项格式举例:

--version
--file=error.txt

让一个脚本同时支持短选项和长选项

getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], "hi:o:", ["version", "file="])

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

PHP and Python: Code Examples and Comparison PHP and Python: Code Examples and Comparison Apr 15, 2025 am 12:07 AM

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on project needs and personal preferences. 1.PHP is suitable for rapid development and maintenance of large-scale web applications. 2. Python dominates the field of data science and machine learning.

Python vs. JavaScript: Community, Libraries, and Resources Python vs. JavaScript: Community, Libraries, and Resources Apr 15, 2025 am 12:16 AM

Python and JavaScript have their own advantages and disadvantages in terms of community, libraries and resources. 1) The Python community is friendly and suitable for beginners, but the front-end development resources are not as rich as JavaScript. 2) Python is powerful in data science and machine learning libraries, while JavaScript is better in front-end development libraries and frameworks. 3) Both have rich learning resources, but Python is suitable for starting with official documents, while JavaScript is better with MDNWebDocs. The choice should be based on project needs and personal interests.

How to run programs in terminal vscode How to run programs in terminal vscode Apr 15, 2025 pm 06:42 PM

In VS Code, you can run the program in the terminal through the following steps: Prepare the code and open the integrated terminal to ensure that the code directory is consistent with the terminal working directory. Select the run command according to the programming language (such as Python's python your_file_name.py) to check whether it runs successfully and resolve errors. Use the debugger to improve debugging efficiency.

Can visual studio code be used in python Can visual studio code be used in python Apr 15, 2025 pm 08:18 PM

VS Code can be used to write Python and provides many features that make it an ideal tool for developing Python applications. It allows users to: install Python extensions to get functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Use the debugger to track code step by step, find and fix errors. Integrate Git for version control. Use code formatting tools to maintain code consistency. Use the Linting tool to spot potential problems ahead of time.

Detailed explanation of docker principle Detailed explanation of docker principle Apr 14, 2025 pm 11:57 PM

Docker uses Linux kernel features to provide an efficient and isolated application running environment. Its working principle is as follows: 1. The mirror is used as a read-only template, which contains everything you need to run the application; 2. The Union File System (UnionFS) stacks multiple file systems, only storing the differences, saving space and speeding up; 3. The daemon manages the mirrors and containers, and the client uses them for interaction; 4. Namespaces and cgroups implement container isolation and resource limitations; 5. Multiple network modes support container interconnection. Only by understanding these core concepts can you better utilize Docker.

Is the vscode extension malicious? Is the vscode extension malicious? Apr 15, 2025 pm 07:57 PM

VS Code extensions pose malicious risks, such as hiding malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities, and masturbating as legitimate extensions. Methods to identify malicious extensions include: checking publishers, reading comments, checking code, and installing with caution. Security measures also include: security awareness, good habits, regular updates and antivirus software.

Can vs code run in Windows 8 Can vs code run in Windows 8 Apr 15, 2025 pm 07:24 PM

VS Code can run on Windows 8, but the experience may not be great. First make sure the system has been updated to the latest patch, then download the VS Code installation package that matches the system architecture and install it as prompted. After installation, be aware that some extensions may be incompatible with Windows 8 and need to look for alternative extensions or use newer Windows systems in a virtual machine. Install the necessary extensions to check whether they work properly. Although VS Code is feasible on Windows 8, it is recommended to upgrade to a newer Windows system for a better development experience and security.

Python: Automation, Scripting, and Task Management Python: Automation, Scripting, and Task Management Apr 16, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Python excels in automation, scripting, and task management. 1) Automation: File backup is realized through standard libraries such as os and shutil. 2) Script writing: Use the psutil library to monitor system resources. 3) Task management: Use the schedule library to schedule tasks. Python's ease of use and rich library support makes it the preferred tool in these areas.

See all articles