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Python抽象类的新写法

WBOY
Release: 2016-06-06 11:18:35
Original
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记得之前learn python一书里面,因为当时没有官方支持,只能通过hack的方式实现抽象方法,具体如下 最简单的写法

class MyCls():
  def foo(self):
    print('method no implement')

运行的例子


>>> a = MyCls()
>>> a.foo()
method no implement
>>>
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这样虽然可以用,但是提示不明显,还是容易误用,当然,还有更好的方法 较为可以接受的写法

class MyCls():
  def foo(self):
    raise Exception('no implement exception', 'foo method need implement')
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一个简单的用例

>>> a = MyCls()
>>> a.foo()
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module>
 File "<clipboard>", line 3, in foo
Exception: ('no implement exception', 'foo method need implement')
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这就是2.7之前的写法了,2.7给了我们新的支持方法!abc模块(abstruct base class),这个在py3k中已经实现,算是back port吧。

我们来看看新的写法

from abc import ABCMeta
 
from abc import ABCMeta,abstractmethod
 
class Foo():
  __metaclass__ = ABCMeta
  @abstractmethod
  def bar(self):
    pass
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运行效果

>>> class B(Foo):
... def bar(self):
... pass
... 
>>> B()
<__main__.B object at 0x02EE7B50>
>>> B().bar()
>>> class C(Foo):
... pass
... 
>>> C().bar()
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<interactive input>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class C with abstract methods bar
>>> 
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