使用Python编写Linux系统守护进程实例
守护进程(daemon)是指在UNIX或其他多任务操作系统中在后台执行的电脑程序,并不会接受电脑用户的直接操控。此类程序会被以进程的形式初始化。通常,守护进程没有任何存在的父进程(即PPID=1),且在UNIX系统进程层级中直接位于init之下。守护进程程序通常通过如下方法使自己成为守护进程:对一个子进程调用fork,然后使其父进程立即终止,使得这个子进程能在init下运行。–维基百科
守护进程区别于普通用户登陆系统后运行的进程,它是直接由系统初始化,和系统用户没有关系,而用户开启的进程依存与用户连接的终端,当终端退出或断开,进程也会随着终止。
来看一下我Linux试验机的进程状态:
[root@home tmp]# ping www.baidu.com > /dev/null & [1] 2759 [root@home tmp]# pstree -p systemd(1)-+-agetty(157) |-agetty(163) |-avahi-daemon(129)---avahi-daemon(134) |-avahi-dnsconfd(125) |-crond(121) |-dbus-daemon(130) |-haveged(128) |-ifplugd(126) |-nginx(226)---nginx(227) |-ntpd(223) |-python(2727) |-rngd(124) |-sshd(216)---sshd(2683)---bash(2690)-+-ping(2759) | `-pstree(2760) |-systemd(2687)---(sd-pam)(2688) |-systemd-journal(76) |-systemd-logind(127) |-systemd-udevd(89) `-wpa_supplicant(153)
可以看到,当前有一个ping程序在后台运行,如果如断开连接,再次去登陆,ping程序是已经终止了的。也就是说,普通进程,和用户会话相关,那么,如何去编写一个和用户会话无关,一直运行在后台的进程呢?大家可能注意到了上面pid为2727的python,如果只是正常打开python,它应该是运行在bash下的,而这里却直接运行在systemd下,实际上,它是一个守护进程,来看一下python编写linux守护进程的简单实现:
#!/usr/bin/env python import os import signal import time logfile="/tmp/daemon.log" pid=os.fork() #exit parent process if pid: exit() #get the pid of subprocess daeid=os.getpid() os.setsid() os.umask(0) os.chdir("/") #Redirection file descriptor fd=open("/dev/null","a+") os.dup2(fd.fileno(),0) os.dup2(fd.fileno(),1) os.dup2(fd.fileno(),2) fd.close() log=open(logfile,'a') log.write('Daemon start up at %s\n'%(time.strftime('%Y:%m:%d',time.localtime(time.time())))) log.close() def reload(a,b): log=open(logfile,'a') log.write('Daemon reload at %s\n'%(time.strftime('%Y:%m:%d',time.localtime(time.time())))) log.close() while True: signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP,reload) time.sleep(2)
要点是利用linux中,当一个进程的父进程终止是,系统会接管这个进程,让init成为这个进程的父进程,这时候这个进程就成为了一个守护进程。需要注意的是,通过setsid,umask和chdir做工作目录设置、关闭文件描述符、设置文件创建掩码等操作。把上面的代码保存起来,给于运行权限,并用python打开,就会看到有一个新的守护进程在运行,并且能够处理系统发送的SIGHUP信号。
以上程序仅用来测试,仅能够处理系统SIGHUP信号,请使用kill pid结束进程。

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