Python常用内置函数总结

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Release: 2016-06-06 11:22:09
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一、数学相关

1、绝对值:abs(-1)
2、最大最小值:max([1,2,3])、min([1,2,3])
3、序列长度:len('abc')、len([1,2,3])、len((1,2,3))
4、取模:divmod(5,2)//(2,1)
5、乘方:pow(2,3,4)//2**3/4
6、浮点数:round(1)//1.0

二、功能相关

1、函数是否可调用:callable(funcname),注意,funcname变量要定义过
2、类型判断:isinstance(x,list/int)
3、比较:cmp('hello','hello')
4、快速生成序列:(x)range([start,] stop[, step])

三、类型转换

1、int(x)
2、long(x)
3、float(x)
4、complex(x) //复数
5、str(x)
6、list(x)
7、tuple(x) //元组
8、hex(x)
9、oct(x)
10、chr(x)//返回x对应的字符,如chr(65)返回‘A'
11、ord(x)//返回字符对应的ASC码数字编号,如ord('A')返回65

四、字符串处理

1、首字母大写:str.capitalize

代码如下:


>>> 'hello'.capitalize()


'Hello'
2、字符串替换:str.replace

代码如下:


>>> 'hello'.replace('l','2')
'he22o'


可以传三个参数,第三个参数为替换次数

3、字符串切割:str.split

代码如下:


>>> 'hello'.split('l')
['he', '', 'o']


可以传二个参数,第二个参数为切割次数

以上三个方法都可以引入String模块,然后用string.xxx的方式进行调用。

五、序列处理函数

1、len:序列长度
2、max:序列中最大值
3、min:最小值
4、filter:过滤序列

代码如下:


>>> filter(lambda x:x%2==0, [1,2,3,4,5,6])
[2, 4, 6]

5、zip:并行遍历

代码如下:


>>> name=['jim','tom','lili']
>>> age=[20,30,40]
>>> tel=['133','156','189']
>>> zip(name,age,tel)
[('jim', 20, '133'), ('tom', 30, '156'), ('lili', 40, '189')]


注意,如果序列长度不同时,会是下面这样的结果:

代码如下:


>>> name=['jim','tom','lili']
>>> age=[20,30,40]
>>> tel=['133','170']
>>> zip(name,age,tel)
[('jim', 20, '133'), ('tom', 30, '170')]


6、map:并行遍历,可接受一个function类型的参数

代码如下:


>>> a=[1,3,5]
>>> b=[2,4,6]
>>> map(None,a,b)
[(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6)]
>>> map(lambda x,y:x*y,a,b)
[2, 12, 30]


7、reduce:归并

代码如下:


>>> l=range(1,101)
>>> l
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100]
>>> reduce(lambda x,y:x+y,l)
5050

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