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举例讲解Python程序与系统shell交互的方式

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Release: 2016-06-06 11:24:59
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概述

考虑这样一个问题,有hello.py脚本,输出”hello, world!”;有TestInput.py脚本,等待用户输入,然后打印用户输入的数据。那么,怎么样把hello.py输出内容发送给TestInput.py,最后TestInput.py打印接收到的”hello, world!”。下面我来逐步讲解一下shell的交互方式。

hello.py代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
print "hello, world!"

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TestInput.py代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
str = raw_input()
print("input string is: %s" % str)

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1.os.system(cmd)

这种方式只是执行shell命令,返回一个返回码(0表示执行成功,否则表示失败)

retcode = os.system("python hello.py")
print("retcode is: %s" % retcode);

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输出:

hello, world!
retcode is: 0

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2.os.popen(cmd)

执行命令并返回该执行命令程序的输入流或输出流.该命令只能操作单向流,与shell命令单向交互,不能双向交互.
返回程序输出流,用fouput变量连接到输出流

fouput = os.popen("python hello.py")
result = fouput.readlines()
print("result is: %s" % result);

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输出:

result is: ['hello, world!\n']

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返回输入流,用finput变量连接到输出流

finput = os.popen("python TestInput.py", "w")
finput.write("how are you\n")

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输出:

input string is: how are you

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3.利用subprocess模块

subprocess.call()
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类似os.system(),注意这里的”shell=True”表示用shell执行命令,而不是用默认的os.execvp()执行.

f = call("python hello.py", shell=True)
print f

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输出:

hello, world!
0

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subprocess.Popen()

利用Popen可以是实现双向流的通信,可以将一个程序的输出流发送到另外一个程序的输入流.
Popen()是Popen类的构造函数,communicate()返回元组(stdoutdata, stderrdata).

p1 = Popen("python hello.py", stdin = None, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
p2 = Popen("python TestInput.py", stdin = p1.stdout, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
print p2.communicate()[0]
#other way
#print p2.stdout.readlines()

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输出:

input string is: hello, world!

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整合代码如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, call

retcode = os.system("python hello.py")
print("retcode is: %s" % retcode);

fouput = os.popen("python hello.py")
result = fouput.readlines()
print("result is: %s" % result);

finput = os.popen("python TestInput.py", "w")
finput.write("how are you\n")


f = call("python hello.py", shell=True)
print f

p1 = Popen("python hello.py", stdin = None, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)

p2 = Popen("python TestInput.py", stdin = p1.stdout, stdout = PIPE, shell=True)
print p2.communicate()[0]
#other way
#print p2.stdout.readlines()

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