Home Backend Development Python Tutorial 介绍Python的@property装饰器的用法

介绍Python的@property装饰器的用法

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:26 AM
python

在绑定属性时,如果我们直接把属性暴露出去,虽然写起来很简单,但是,没办法检查参数,导致可以把成绩随便改:

s = Student()
s.score = 9999

Copy after login

这显然不合逻辑。为了限制score的范围,可以通过一个set_score()方法来设置成绩,再通过一个get_score()来获取成绩,这样,在set_score()方法里,就可以检查参数:

class Student(object):

  def get_score(self):
    return self._score

  def set_score(self, value):
    if not isinstance(value, int):
      raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
    if value < 0 or value > 100:
      raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
    self._score = value

Copy after login

现在,对任意的Student实例进行操作,就不能随心所欲地设置score了:

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.set_score(60) # ok!
>>> s.get_score()
60
>>> s.set_score(9999)
Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!

Copy after login

但是,上面的调用方法又略显复杂,没有直接用属性这么直接简单。

有没有既能检查参数,又可以用类似属性这样简单的方式来访问类的变量呢?对于追求完美的Python程序员来说,这是必须要做到的!

还记得装饰器(decorator)可以给函数动态加上功能吗?对于类的方法,装饰器一样起作用。Python内置的@property装饰器就是负责把一个方法变成属性调用的:

class Student(object):

  @property
  def score(self):
    return self._score

  @score.setter
  def score(self, value):
    if not isinstance(value, int):
      raise ValueError('score must be an integer!')
    if value < 0 or value > 100:
      raise ValueError('score must between 0 ~ 100!')
    self._score = value

Copy after login

@property的实现比较复杂,我们先考察如何使用。把一个getter方法变成属性,只需要加上@property就可以了,此时,@property本身又创建了另一个装饰器@score.setter,负责把一个setter方法变成属性赋值,于是,我们就拥有一个可控的属性操作:

>>> s = Student()
>>> s.score = 60 # OK,实际转化为s.set_score(60)
>>> s.score # OK,实际转化为s.get_score()
60
>>> s.score = 9999
Traceback (most recent call last):
 ...
ValueError: score must between 0 ~ 100!

Copy after login

注意到这个神奇的@property,我们在对实例属性操作的时候,就知道该属性很可能不是直接暴露的,而是通过getter和setter方法来实现的。

还可以定义只读属性,只定义getter方法,不定义setter方法就是一个只读属性:

class Student(object):

  @property
  def birth(self):
    return self._birth

  @birth.setter
  def birth(self, value):
    self._birth = value

  @property
  def age(self):
    return 2014 - self._birth

Copy after login

上面的birth是可读写属性,而age就是一个只读属性,因为age可以根据birth和当前时间计算出来。
小结

@property广泛应用在类的定义中,可以让调用者写出简短的代码,同时保证对参数进行必要的检查,这样,程序运行时就减少了出错的可能性。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Repo: How To Revive Teammates
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

How to download deepseek Xiaomi How to download deepseek Xiaomi Feb 19, 2025 pm 05:27 PM

How to download DeepSeek Xiaomi? Search for "DeepSeek" in the Xiaomi App Store. If it is not found, continue to step 2. Identify your needs (search files, data analysis), and find the corresponding tools (such as file managers, data analysis software) that include DeepSeek functions.

How do you ask him deepseek How do you ask him deepseek Feb 19, 2025 pm 04:42 PM

The key to using DeepSeek effectively is to ask questions clearly: express the questions directly and specifically. Provide specific details and background information. For complex inquiries, multiple angles and refute opinions are included. Focus on specific aspects, such as performance bottlenecks in code. Keep a critical thinking about the answers you get and make judgments based on your expertise.

How to search deepseek How to search deepseek Feb 19, 2025 pm 05:18 PM

Just use the search function that comes with DeepSeek. Its powerful semantic analysis algorithm can accurately understand the search intention and provide relevant information. However, for searches that are unpopular, latest information or problems that need to be considered, it is necessary to adjust keywords or use more specific descriptions, combine them with other real-time information sources, and understand that DeepSeek is just a tool that requires active, clear and refined search strategies.

How to program deepseek How to program deepseek Feb 19, 2025 pm 05:36 PM

DeepSeek is not a programming language, but a deep search concept. Implementing DeepSeek requires selection based on existing languages. For different application scenarios, it is necessary to choose the appropriate language and algorithms, and combine machine learning technology. Code quality, maintainability, and testing are crucial. Only by choosing the right programming language, algorithms and tools according to your needs and writing high-quality code can DeepSeek be successfully implemented.

How to use deepseek to settle accounts How to use deepseek to settle accounts Feb 19, 2025 pm 04:36 PM

Question: Is DeepSeek available for accounting? Answer: No, it is a data mining and analysis tool that can be used to analyze financial data, but it does not have the accounting record and report generation functions of accounting software. Using DeepSeek to analyze financial data requires writing code to process data with knowledge of data structures, algorithms, and DeepSeek APIs to consider potential problems (e.g. programming knowledge, learning curves, data quality)

How to access DeepSeekapi - DeepSeekapi access call tutorial How to access DeepSeekapi - DeepSeekapi access call tutorial Mar 12, 2025 pm 12:24 PM

Detailed explanation of DeepSeekAPI access and call: Quick Start Guide This article will guide you in detail how to access and call DeepSeekAPI, helping you easily use powerful AI models. Step 1: Get the API key to access the DeepSeek official website and click on the "Open Platform" in the upper right corner. You will get a certain number of free tokens (used to measure API usage). In the menu on the left, click "APIKeys" and then click "Create APIkey". Name your APIkey (for example, "test") and copy the generated key right away. Be sure to save this key properly, as it will only be displayed once

Major update of Pi Coin: Pi Bank is coming! Major update of Pi Coin: Pi Bank is coming! Mar 03, 2025 pm 06:18 PM

PiNetwork is about to launch PiBank, a revolutionary mobile banking platform! PiNetwork today released a major update on Elmahrosa (Face) PIMISRBank, referred to as PiBank, which perfectly integrates traditional banking services with PiNetwork cryptocurrency functions to realize the atomic exchange of fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies (supports the swap between fiat currencies such as the US dollar, euro, and Indonesian rupiah with cryptocurrencies such as PiCoin, USDT, and USDC). What is the charm of PiBank? Let's find out! PiBank's main functions: One-stop management of bank accounts and cryptocurrency assets. Support real-time transactions and adopt biospecies

What are the current AI slicing tools? What are the current AI slicing tools? Nov 29, 2024 am 10:40 AM

Here are some popular AI slicing tools: TensorFlow DataSetPyTorch DataLoaderDaskCuPyscikit-imageOpenCVKeras ImageDataGenerator

See all articles