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Python中的filter()函数的用法

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:26 AM
python

Python内建的filter()函数用于过滤序列。

和map()类似,filter()也接收一个函数和一个序列。和map()不同的时,filter()把传入的函数依次作用于每个元素,然后根据返回值是True还是False决定保留还是丢弃该元素。

例如,在一个list中,删掉偶数,只保留奇数,可以这么写:

def is_odd(n):
  return n % 2 == 1

filter(is_odd, [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 15])
# 结果: [1, 5, 9, 15]

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把一个序列中的空字符串删掉,可以这么写:

def not_empty(s):
  return s and s.strip()

filter(not_empty, ['A', '', 'B', None, 'C', ' '])
# 结果: ['A', 'B', 'C']

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可见用filter()这个高阶函数,关键在于正确实现一个“筛选”函数。
练习

请尝试用filter()删除1~100的素数。

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