Home Backend Development Python Tutorial 介绍Python的Django框架中的静态资源管理器django-pipeline

介绍Python的Django框架中的静态资源管理器django-pipeline

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:26 AM
python

 django-pipeline 是一个 Django 下非常方便的静态资源管理 app,尤其是 1.2 版本之后,利用 django-staticfiles 的collectstatic 命令,在开发、部署环境下切换非常方便。

写 codinn.com 代码的时候,静态资源管理方面遇到了一些烦人的事情:

  •     为了加速页面加载速度,浏览器会缓存静态文件,静态资源更新后,浏览器很可能从缓存提取过期的静态文件
  •     自己写的 CSS/JS 要手工 minify,非常麻烦
  •     零碎的 CSS/JS 小文件太多
  •     CSS/JS minified 之后,开发环境下调试起来很不方便

django-pipeline 通过静态资源版本化、自动 minify、分组合并 CSS/JS 文件、兼容 django-staticfiles URL 规则以及collectstatic 命令。
slimit / jsmin

图个省心,我通常使用 jsmin/cssmin 这两个 Python minifier:

   

 PIPELINE_JS_COMPRESSOR = 'pipeline.compressors.jsmin.JSMinCompressor'
  PIPELINE_CSS_COMPRESSOR = 'pipeline.compressors.cssmin.CssminCompressor'
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但是 jsmin 年久失修,实际使用结论是:jsmin 是有 bug 的,jQuery 开发库用 jsmin minify 后被破坏,压根无法正常工作。但是 jQuery 官方 minify 之后的 JS 文件再用 jsmin minify 之后却没有问题。

虽然有规避方案,但始终对 jsmin 不放心,索性改用 slimit,暂时还没发现 JS 被破坏的问题。

django-pipeline 未提供对 slimit 的支持,不过 pipeline 的扩展性还不错,写一个 slimit 扩展也是分钟的事情:

 from __future__ import absolute_import

  from pipeline.compilers import CompilerBase

  class SlimItCompiler(CompilerBase):
    """
   JS compressor based on the Python library slimit
   (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/slimit/).
   """
    def compress_js(self, js):
      from slimit import minify
      return minify(js)

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将以上代码保存成 slimit 文件,扔在项目中的某个包目录下即可,再修改 settings:

PIPELINE_JS_COMPRESSOR = 'lib.slimit.SlimItCompiler'
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UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 问题

启用 django-pipeline 后,执行 manage.py collectstatic 如果碰到下面的错误提示:

 File ".../ENV/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/staticfiles/storage.py", line 226, in post_process
    content = pattern.sub(converter, content)
  UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xef in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
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八成是因为 CSS 文件中含有中文或其它非拉丁文字。我在使用 @font-face 图标文字时碰到了这个问题,这是 django staticfiles 包的一个 bug,解决方法是修改 /django/contrib/staticfiles/storage.py 文件,把出错的那行代码:

content = original_file.read()
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替换成:

 content = original_file.read().decode('utf-8')
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用这个方法的前提是:你的 CSS 文件必须保证 utf-8 编码,否则依然会出错。

PS,给 Django 项目提交了一个 bug 报告:https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/18430

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