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python操作MySQL数据库的方法分享

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:27 AM
mysql python

我采用的是MySQLdb操作的MYSQL数据库。先来一个简单的例子吧:

代码如下:


import MySQLdb

try:
conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',db='test',port=3306)
cur=conn.cursor()
cur.execute('select * from user')
cur.close()
conn.close()
except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])


请注意修改你的数据库,主机名,用户名,密码。

下面来大致演示一下插入数据,批量插入数据,更新数据的例子吧:

代码如下:


import MySQLdb

try:
conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',port=3306)
cur=conn.cursor()

cur.execute('create database if not exists python')
conn.select_db('python')
cur.execute('create table test(id int,info varchar(20))')

value=[1,'hi rollen']
cur.execute('insert into test values(%s,%s)',value)

values=[]
for i in range(20):
values.append((i,'hi rollen'+str(i)))

cur.executemany('insert into test values(%s,%s)',values)

cur.execute('update test set info="I am rollen" where id=3')

conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])


请注意一定要有conn.commit()这句来提交事务,要不然不能真正的插入数据。

运行之后我的MySQL数据库的结果就不上图了。

代码如下:


import MySQLdb

try:
conn=MySQLdb.connect(host='localhost',user='root',passwd='root',port=3306)
cur=conn.cursor()

conn.select_db('python')

count=cur.execute('select * from test')
print 'there has %s rows record' % count

result=cur.fetchone()
print result
print 'ID: %s info %s' % result

results=cur.fetchmany(5)
for r in results:
print r

print '=='*10
cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute')

results=cur.fetchall()
for r in results:
print r[1]


conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()

except MySQLdb.Error,e:
print "Mysql Error %d: %s" % (e.args[0], e.args[1])


运行结果就不贴了,太长了。

查询后中文会正确显示,但在数据库中却是乱码的。经过我从网上查找,发现用一个属性有可搞定:

在Python代码

conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='python') 中加一个属性:
改为:
conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='localhost', user='root', passwd='root', db='python',charset='utf8')
charset是要跟你数据库的编码一样,如果是数据库是gb2312 ,则写charset='gb2312'。



下面贴一下常用的函数:

然后,这个连接对象也提供了对事务操作的支持,标准的方法
commit() 提交
rollback() 回滚

cursor用来执行命令的方法:
callproc(self, procname, args):用来执行存储过程,接收的参数为存储过程名和参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
execute(self, query, args):执行单条sql语句,接收的参数为sql语句本身和使用的参数列表,返回值为受影响的行数
executemany(self, query, args):执行单挑sql语句,但是重复执行参数列表里的参数,返回值为受影响的行数
nextset(self):移动到下一个结果集

cursor用来接收返回值的方法:
fetchall(self):接收全部的返回结果行.
fetchmany(self, size=None):接收size条返回结果行.如果size的值大于返回的结果行的数量,则会返回cursor.arraysize条数据.
fetchone(self):返回一条结果行.
scroll(self, value, mode='relative'):移动指针到某一行.如果mode='relative',则表示从当前所在行移动value条,如果 mode='absolute',则表示从结果集的第一行移动value条.

参考资料:

MySQLdb‘s user guide

package MySQLdb

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