Python使用稀疏矩阵节省内存实例
推荐系统中经常需要处理类似user_id, item_id, rating这样的数据,其实就是数学里面的稀疏矩阵,scipy中提供了sparse模块来解决这个问题,但scipy.sparse有很多问题不太合用:
1、不能很好的同时支持data[i, ...]、data[..., j]、data[i, j]快速切片;
2、由于数据保存在内存中,不能很好的支持海量数据处理。
要支持data[i, ...]、data[..., j]的快速切片,需要i或者j的数据集中存储;同时,为了保存海量的数据,也需要把数据的一部分放在硬盘上,用内存做buffer。这里的解决方案比较简单,用一个类Dict的东西来存储数据,对于某个i(比如9527),它的数据保存在dict['i9527']里面,同样的,对于某个j(比如3306),它的全部数据保存在dict['j3306']里面,需要取出data[9527, ...]的时候,只要取出dict['i9527']即可,dict['i9527']原本是一个dict对象,储存某个j对应的值,为了节省内存空间,我们把这个dict以二进制字符串形式存储,直接上代码:
代码如下:
'''
Sparse Matrix
'''
import struct
import numpy as np
import bsddb
from cStringIO import StringIO
class DictMatrix():
def __init__(self, container = {}, dft = 0.0):
self._data = container
self._dft = dft
self._nums = 0
def __setitem__(self, index, value):
try:
i, j = index
except:
raise IndexError('invalid index')
ik = ('i%d' % i)
# 为了节省内存,我们把j, value打包成字二进制字符串
ib = struct.pack('if', j, value)
jk = ('j%d' % j)
jb = struct.pack('if', i, value)
try:
self._data[ik] += ib
except:
self._data[ik] = ib
try:
self._data[jk] += jb
except:
self._data[jk] = jb
self._nums += 1
def __getitem__(self, index):
try:
i, j = index
except:
raise IndexError('invalid index')
if (isinstance(i, int)):
ik = ('i%d' % i)
if not self._data.has_key(ik): return self._dft
ret = dict(np.fromstring(self._data[ik], dtype = 'i4,f4'))
if (isinstance(j, int)): return ret.get(j, self._dft)
if (isinstance(j, int)):
jk = ('j%d' % j)
if not self._data.has_key(jk): return self._dft
ret = dict(np.fromstring(self._data[jk], dtype = 'i4,f4'))
return ret
def __len__(self):
return self._nums
def __iter__(
测试代码:
代码如下:
import timeit
timeit.Timer('foo = __main__.data[9527, ...]', 'import __main__').timeit(number = 1000)
消耗1.4788秒,大概读取一条数据1.5ms。
采用类Dict来存储数据的另一个好处是你可以随便用内存Dict或者其他任何形式的DBM,甚至传说中的Tokyo Cabinet….
好了,码完收工。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics



VS Code can be used to write Python and provides many features that make it an ideal tool for developing Python applications. It allows users to: install Python extensions to get functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Use the debugger to track code step by step, find and fix errors. Integrate Git for version control. Use code formatting tools to maintain code consistency. Use the Linting tool to spot potential problems ahead of time.

In VS Code, you can run the program in the terminal through the following steps: Prepare the code and open the integrated terminal to ensure that the code directory is consistent with the terminal working directory. Select the run command according to the programming language (such as Python's python your_file_name.py) to check whether it runs successfully and resolve errors. Use the debugger to improve debugging efficiency.

VS Code can run on Windows 8, but the experience may not be great. First make sure the system has been updated to the latest patch, then download the VS Code installation package that matches the system architecture and install it as prompted. After installation, be aware that some extensions may be incompatible with Windows 8 and need to look for alternative extensions or use newer Windows systems in a virtual machine. Install the necessary extensions to check whether they work properly. Although VS Code is feasible on Windows 8, it is recommended to upgrade to a newer Windows system for a better development experience and security.

VS Code extensions pose malicious risks, such as hiding malicious code, exploiting vulnerabilities, and masturbating as legitimate extensions. Methods to identify malicious extensions include: checking publishers, reading comments, checking code, and installing with caution. Security measures also include: security awareness, good habits, regular updates and antivirus software.

VS Code is the full name Visual Studio Code, which is a free and open source cross-platform code editor and development environment developed by Microsoft. It supports a wide range of programming languages and provides syntax highlighting, code automatic completion, code snippets and smart prompts to improve development efficiency. Through a rich extension ecosystem, users can add extensions to specific needs and languages, such as debuggers, code formatting tools, and Git integrations. VS Code also includes an intuitive debugger that helps quickly find and resolve bugs in your code.

Python excels in automation, scripting, and task management. 1) Automation: File backup is realized through standard libraries such as os and shutil. 2) Script writing: Use the psutil library to monitor system resources. 3) Task management: Use the schedule library to schedule tasks. Python's ease of use and rich library support makes it the preferred tool in these areas.

VS Code not only can run Python, but also provides powerful functions, including: automatically identifying Python files after installing Python extensions, providing functions such as code completion, syntax highlighting, and debugging. Relying on the installed Python environment, extensions act as bridge connection editing and Python environment. The debugging functions include setting breakpoints, step-by-step debugging, viewing variable values, and improving debugging efficiency. The integrated terminal supports running complex commands such as unit testing and package management. Supports extended configuration and enhances features such as code formatting, analysis and version control.

Yes, VS Code can run Python code. To run Python efficiently in VS Code, complete the following steps: Install the Python interpreter and configure environment variables. Install the Python extension in VS Code. Run Python code in VS Code's terminal via the command line. Use VS Code's debugging capabilities and code formatting to improve development efficiency. Adopt good programming habits and use performance analysis tools to optimize code performance.
